Trace metal–macronutrient colimitation of algal biofilms in streams with differing ambient inorganic nutrients
Trace metal–macronutrient colimitation of algal biofilms in streams with differing ambient inorganic nutrients
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具有不同环境无机养分的溪流中藻类生物膜的痕量金属与常量养分共同限制
DOI：
10.1086/726684
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Costello, David M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fitzgibbon, Andrea S.;Costello, David M.
溪流中营养物质的供应是生物膜产生、生态系统过程速率和基础资源可用性的重要驱动力。目前对微生物过程自下而上的驱动因素的理解来自对N和P的研究，尽管藻类生物膜需要更多的元素来维持生长。对海洋和湖泊生态系统的研究表明，铁、锌、镍和钼等微量金属可以限制初级生产者的生长，但不知道这些模式是否适用于溪流。我们使用痕量金属营养物扩散基质来实验性地用单独的N、P、Fe、Zn、Ni和Mo富集生物膜以及以特定组合来测试常量营养物（即，N和P）限制和微量金属-常量营养元素共代谢。我们在美国密歇根州上半岛的5条低常量营养素溪流和美国俄亥俄州东北部的5条高常量营养素溪流中完成了富集实验。正如预期的那样，生物膜chlorophylla是最常见的colimited由N和P（40%的流），与宏量营养素限制更常见的上半岛流。在9/10的研究溪流中，至少有1种微量金属限制或限制大量营养素，包括没有证据表明N或P限制的溪流。微量金属colimitation与常量营养素是更频繁的流与低无机N和P表面水浓度。在4条溪流中，我们观察到藻类生物量的反应与生物化学依赖的共吸收一致，其中痕量金属通过增加对替代来源的访问来消除N或P限制（例如，有机P、N2）。在生物化学依赖的有限生物膜中，痕量金属的生长富集小于无机营养物（<15%），这表明当依赖于替代营养物来源时，需要进行大量的能量权衡。总体而言，我们表明，微量金属是流初级生产者的关键营养物质，微量金属限制可能是一个被忽视的自下而上的驱动程序，可以有未开发的后果流的结构和功能。
The supply of nutrients in streams is an important driver of biofilm production, ecosystem process rates, and basal resource availability. Current understanding of bottom-up drivers of microbial processes derives from studies of N and P, even though algal biofilms require a much larger set of elements to sustain growth. Studies in marine and lake ecosystems demonstrate that trace metals like Fe, Zn, Ni, and Mo can limit the growth of primary producers, but it is not known if these patterns hold in streams. We used trace metal nutrient diffusing substrata to experimentally enrich biofilms with N, P, Fe, Zn, Ni, and Mo alone and in specific combinations to test for macronutrient (i.e., N and P) limitation and trace metal–macronutrient colimitation. We completed enrichment experiments in 5 low-macronutrient streams in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA, and 5 high-macronutrient streams in northeast Ohio, USA. As expected, biofilm chlorophyllawas most frequently colimited by N and P (40% of streams), with macronutrient limitation more common in the Upper Peninsula streams. At least 1 trace metal was limiting or colimiting with a macronutrient in 9/10 study streams, including streams that showed no evidence of N or P limitation. Trace metal colimitation with macronutrients was more frequent in streams with low inorganic N and P surface-water concentrations. In 4 streams, we observed algal biomass responses consistent with biochemically dependent colimitation, in which a trace metal alleviates N or P limitation by increasing access to an alternative source (e.g., organic P, N2). In biochemically dependent, colimited biofilms, the growth enrichment was less for trace metals than the inorganic nutrient (<15%), which suggests a substantial energy trade-off when relying on alternate nutrient sources. Overall, we demonstrated that trace metals are critical nutrients for stream primary producers, and that trace metal limitation may be an overlooked bottom-up driver that can have unexplored consequences for the structure and function of streams.
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