Industrialized animal production - A major source of nutrient and microbial pollution to aquatic ecosystems
Industrialized animal production - A major source of nutrient and microbial pollution to aquatic ecosystems
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1023690824045
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发表时间：
2003-05-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Cahoon, LB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mallin, MA;Cahoon, LB
近几十年来，畜牧业经历了大规模的工业化。在全国范围内，数以百万计的猪、家禽和牛在大型垂直一体化生产公司拥有的集中动物饲养业务(CAFO)中饲养和饲养。CAFOS产生的动物粪便中的养分(氮和磷)的数量是巨大的。例如，仅在北卡罗来纳州沿海平原，牲畜每年就估计产生12.4万公吨氮和2.9万公吨磷。CAFO废物主要要么作为干垃圾散布在田地里，要么被抽到废弃的泻湖中，然后作为液体喷洒到田地里。大量的氮和磷通过径流、渗入地下水和氨的挥发进入环境。许多CAFO位于营养敏感的分水岭，那里的废物导致小溪、河流和河口的富营养化。到目前为止，还没有一项全面的联邦政策来保护环境和人类健康不受CAFO产生的污染物的影响。
Livestock production has undergone massive industrialization in recent decades. Nationwide, millions of swine, poultry, and cattle are raised and fed in concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) owned by large, vertically integrated producer corporations. The amount of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) in animal manure produced by CAFOs is enormous. For example, on the North Carolina Coastal Plain alone an estimated 124,000 metric tons of nitrogen and 29,000 metric tons of phosphorus are generated annually by livestock. CAFO wastes are largely either spread on fields as dry litter or pumped into waste lagoons and sprayed as liquid onto fields. Large amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus enter the environment through runoff, percolation into groundwater, and volatilization of ammonia. Many CAFOs are located in nutrient-sensitive watersheds where the wastes contribute to the eutrophication of streams, rivers, and estuaries. There is as yet no comprehensive Federal policy in place to protect the environment and human health from CAFO generated pollutants.