Addressing Health Disparities With Tobacco Policy Research.
Addressing Health Disparities With Tobacco Policy Research.
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通过烟草政策研究解决健康差异。
DOI：
10.1093/ntr/ntz061
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Maynard OM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Maynard OM
在最近的尼古丁和烟草研究学会（SRNT）年会上，政策研究网络要求成员考虑当今最重要的政策研究优先事项。虽然大部分讨论集中在电子烟、健康警告和广告上，但烟草政策在解决健康差距方面的作用也是一个强有力的跨领域重点。这是恰当的，作为该协会的杂志，在这一期的尼古丁和烟草研究，这是专门研究烟草政策，反映了我们的社会的研究重点。在本期发表的一项定性系统评价中，Papanastasiou及其同事研究了欧洲年轻人如何参与烟草控制政策，强调跨代，跨文化和跨国研究是解决健康差距的三个重要优先事项。首先，通过确定欧洲年轻人中定性研究的缺乏，Papanastasiou及其同事证明了需要更多的研究来了解年轻人如何抵制，适应或遵守烟草控制政策。1 Thrasher及其同事2在审查烟草产品警告标签研究的优先事项时，对跨代研究的呼吁表示赞同，其中大部分重点是成年吸烟者。本期的其他文章重点讨论了烟草广告在青少年中的作用。Beleva及其同事调查了销售点广告对高危青少年烟草使用的作用，3而Soneji及其同事评估了青少年对在线烟草营销的参与，Cruz及其同事研究了五种类型的烟草营销对青少年开始使用烟草产品的影响。4这些研究发现，在美国（一个值得注意的未签署《世卫组织烟草控制框架公约》的国家，5该公约要求全面禁止烟草广告），广告的曝光率随着时间的推移而增加，而且这种曝光率与开始吸烟有关。英国有三分之二的吸烟者在18岁之前开始吸烟，美国也有类似的数字，因此我们的研究继续研究烟草控制政策对青年的影响至关重要。第二，随着吸烟与社会劣势的联系越来越紧密，我们的研究必须关注弱势群体。这一点很重要，因为一些烟草控制政策在不同文化之间可能会产生不同的效果。事实上，Papanastasiou和他的同事们发现，在零售商似乎更愿意允许代理销售的较贫困地区，销售年龄法律特别容易规避。[1]同样在本期中，Giovenco及其同事发现，在廉价可燃烟草产品和低风险不可燃产品的可获得性方面存在社区差异，低风险选择在低收入少数民族社区不太常见。7对本期报道的烟草业文件的分析发现，美国印第安人/阿拉斯加土著人的部落主权被烟草业用来规避烟草控制政策。8本期《尼古丁与烟草研究》中的文章强调，许多弱势群体没有得到当前烟草控制政策的充分服务，这些政策有可能扩大健康差距。最后，Papanastasiou及其同事的定性系统评价强调了跨国烟草政策研究的必要性。他们发现，他们审查中纳入的大多数文章都是在英国进行的，而欧洲地区53个国家中只有11个。跨国研究可以…
At the recent Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco (SRNT) Annual Meeting, the Policy Research Network asked members to consider today’s most important policy research priorities. While much of the discussion focused on e-cigarettes, health warnings, and advertising, there was a strong cross-cutting focus on the role of tobacco policy in addressing health disparities. It is fitting that, as the Society’s journal, the articles in this issue of Nicotine and Tobacco Research, which is dedicated to research on tobacco policy, reflect the research priorities of our community. In a qualitative systematic review published in this issue, examining how young people in Europe engage with tobacco control policies, Papanastasiou and colleagues highlight cross-generational, cross-cultural, and cross-country research as three important priorities for tackling health disparities. 1 First, by identifying the paucity of qualitative research among young Europeans, Papanastasiou and colleagues demonstrate the need for more research to understand how young people may resist, adapt or comply with tobacco control policies. 1 This call for cross-generational research is echoed by Thrasher and colleagues 2 in their review of priorities for tobacco product warning labels research, where much of the focus has been on adult smokers. Other articles in this issue focus on the role of advertising on tobacco use among youth. Beleva and colleagues investigate the role of point-ofsale advertising on tobacco use among at-risk adolescents, 3 while Soneji and colleagues assess adolescent engagement with online tobacco marketing, and Cruz and colleagues examine the impact of five types of tobacco marketing on adolescents’ initiation of tobacco products. 4 These studies find that in the United States (a notable non-signatory to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, 5 which requires comprehensive tobacco advertising bans), exposure to advertising has increased over time and that exposure is linked to tobacco initiation. With two-thirds of smokers in the United Kingdom starting before the age of 18 6 and similar numbers in the United States, it is vital that our research continues to examine the impact of tobacco control policies on youth. Second, as smoking becomes increasingly linked with social disadvantage, our research must focus on vulnerable groups. This is important given that some tobacco control policies are likely to be differentially effective cross-culturally. Indeed, Papanastasiou and colleagues find that age of sale laws are particularly easy to circumvent in more disadvantaged areas where retailers appear more willing to permit proxy sales. 1 Also in this issue, Giovenco and colleagues find neighborhood differences in the availability of cheaper combustible tobacco products and lower-risk noncombustible products, with reduced-risk options less common in low-income minority neighborhoods. 7 An analysis of tobacco industry documents reported in this issue finds that the tribal sovereignty of American Indians/Alaskan Natives is exploited by the tobacco industry to circumvent tobacco control policies. 8 Together, the articles in this issue of Nicotine & Tobacco Research highlight that many vulnerable groups are underserved by current tobacco control policies and that these policies have the potential to widen health disparities. Finally, Papanastasiou and colleagues’ qualitative systematic review highlights the need for cross-country tobacco policy research. They find that the majority of articles included in their review were conducted in the United Kingdom with only 11 of the 53 countries in the European region represented. Cross-country research can …