New data and new issues for the study of origin of rice agriculture in China
New data and new issues for the study of origin of rice agriculture in China
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DOI：
10.1007/s12520-010-0028-x
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发表时间：
2010-05
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Zhijun Zhao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhijun Zhao
中国是世界农业起源的主要中心之一。中国农业的起源，特别是稻作农业的起源，不仅对中华文明的发生，而且对世界历史的发展都作出了重大贡献。近年来，随着我国植物考古学研究的迅速发展，稻作农业起源的研究引起了学术界的广泛关注。近年来，浮选技术在我国考古发掘中得到广泛应用。因此，从考古遗址中发现了大量的植物遗骸，包括那些与早稻农业研究有关的植物遗骸。这些新资料为中国稻作农业的起源提供了直接的考古学证据，并提出了一些新的问题。例如，上山遗址的稻米遗骸，可追溯到公元前2000年。一万口径血压、这表明水稻种植的开始，无论水稻是否被驯化。对贾湖遗址浮选出的植物遗骸进行了定量分析。八千口径血压、揭示了嘉湖人主要以渔猎采集为生，而稻作和畜牧业的产品只是他们饮食的补充。目前正在田螺山遗址进行的浮选和水筛挖掘，可追溯到6，000至7，000卡路里。血压、这表明，水稻种植，虽然重要，只是一个更广泛的河姆渡文化的生存模式的一部分，水稻驯化达到高潮后，6,500 B.P和水稻驯化的开始仍然不清楚。
China was one of the major centers for the origin of agriculture in the world. The origins of agriculture in China, especially the origin of rice agriculture, made a significant contribution not only to the occurrence of Chinese civilization but also to the development of world history. Recently, the study on the origin of rice agriculture has attracted the attention of the academic community due to the dramatic development of archaeobotanical research in China. In recent years, the flotation technique has widely implemented in archaeological excavations in China. As the result, a tremendous amount of plant remains have been recovered from archaeological sites, including those much related to the study of early rice agriculture. The new data provide direct archaeological evidence for, and raise some new issues about, the origin of rice agriculture in China. For example, the rice remains from the Shangshan site, dated to ca. 10,000 cal. B.P., suggest the beginning of rice cultivation regardless of whether that rice was domesticated or not. The quantitative analysis of plant remains recovered by floatation from the Jiahu site, dated to ca. 8,000 cal. B.P., revealed that the subsistence of the Jiahu people mainly relied on fishing/hunting/gathering, while the products of rice cultivation and animal husbandry were only a supplement to their diet. The ongoing excavation, with floatation and water-sieving, at the Tianluoshan site, dated to 6,000 to 7,000 cal. B.P., suggests that rice farming, though important, was only part of a broader subsistence pattern of the Hemudu Culture, and rice domestication culminated after 6,500 B.P and the beginning of rice domestication remain unclear.