Comparative Analyses of the Bacterial Microbiota of the Human Nostril and Oropharynx
Comparative Analyses of the Bacterial Microbiota of the Human Nostril and Oropharynx
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DOI：
10.1128/mbio.00129-10
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发表时间：
2010-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Kolter, Roberto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lemon, Katherine P.;Klepac-Ceraj, Vanja;Kolter, Roberto
鼻子和喉咙是病原体定植的重要场所，但两者的微生物群相对而言尚未被培养独立的方法所探索。我们使用两种不依赖培养的方法，即16S rRNA基因微阵列（PhyloChip）和16S rRNA基因克隆文库，检测了7名健康成人鼻孔和口咽后壁的细菌微生物群。虽然口咽部的细菌微生物群比鼻孔的丰富，但口咽部微生物群在参与者之间的变化小于鼻孔微生物群。在每个位点检测到的细菌中，有几个门占了大多数：鼻子中的厚壁菌门和放线菌门，口咽部的厚壁菌门、变形菌门和拟杆菌门。与其他身体部位的微生物群独立培养调查相比，鼻孔和口咽的微生物群显示出不同的门水平分布模式，支持在离散解剖部位的特定生态位定植。在鼻孔中，放线菌门和厚壁菌门的分布与皮肤相似，但变形菌门的分布要少得多。口咽部厚壁菌门、变形菌门和拟杆菌门的分布与唾液最相似，变形菌门多于食管远端和口腔。虽然厚壁菌门在两个地点都很普遍，但这门的不同科在数量上占主导地位。在这两个部位，厚壁菌门和另一门的患病率呈负相关：在口咽部，厚壁菌门和变形菌门，在鼻孔，厚壁菌门和放线菌门。在鼻孔中，厚壁菌门家族、葡萄球菌科和放线菌科之间存在这种负相关，表明这些群体之间存在潜在的拮抗作用。人的鼻子和喉咙虽然相连，但包含不同的生态位，是致病菌定植的重要场所。对其中许多病原体来说，定植会增加感染的风险。大多数关于鼻咽喉栖息地微生物群的研究都集中在一种或几种病原体的携带上。我们假设，增加对这些病原体所在的复杂细菌群落组成的了解，将为为什么有些人被病原体定植而另一些人没有提供新的见解。事实上，在参与者的鼻孔微生物群中，葡萄球菌科（厚壁菌门）的患病率与棒状杆菌科和丙酸杆菌科（都是放线菌科）的患病率呈负相关，前者的成员包括重要的病原体，后者的成员更常见的是良性共生菌。提高对竞争性细菌定植的理解将增加我们确定这些部位病原体携带倾向和随后感染风险的能力。
The nose and throat are important sites of pathogen colonization, yet the microbiota of both is relatively unexplored by culture-independent approaches. We examined the bacterial microbiota of the nostril and posterior wall of the oropharynx from seven healthy adults using two culture-independent methods, a 16S rRNA gene microarray (PhyloChip) and 16S rRNA gene clone libraries. While the bacterial microbiota of the oropharynx was richer than that of the nostril, the oropharyngeal microbiota varied less among participants than did nostril microbiota. A few phyla accounted for the majority of the bacteria detected at each site: Firmicutes and Actinobacteria in the nostril and Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes in the oropharynx. Compared to culture-independent surveys of microbiota from other body sites, the microbiota of the nostril and oropharynx show distinct phylum-level distribution patterns, supporting niche-specific colonization at discrete anatomical sites. In the nostril, the distribution of Actinobacteria and Firmicutes was reminiscent of that of skin, though Proteobacteria were much less prevalent. The distribution of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes in the oropharynx was most similar to that in saliva, with more Proteobacteria than in the distal esophagus or mouth. While Firmicutes were prevalent at both sites, distinct families within this phylum dominated numerically in each. At both sites there was an inverse correlation between the prevalences of Firmicutes and another phylum: in the oropharynx, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, and in the nostril, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. In the nostril, this inverse correlation existed between the Firmicutes family Staphylococcaceae and Actinobacteria families, suggesting potential antagonism between these groups.IMPORTANCE The human nose and throat, though connected, contain distinct niches that are important sites of colonization by pathogenic bacteria. For many of these pathogens, colonization increases the risk of infection. Most research on the microbiota of nose and throat habitats has focused on carriage of one or a few pathogens. We hypothesized that increased knowledge of the composition of the complex bacterial communities in which these pathogens reside would provide new insights into why some individuals become colonized with pathogens, while others do not. Indeed, in the nostril microbiota of participants, there was an inverse correlation between the prevalences of the Staphylococcaceae family (Firmicutes), whose members include important pathogens, and the Corynebacteriaceae and Propionibacteriaceae families (both Actinobacteria), whose members are more commonly benign commensals. An improved understanding of competitive bacterial colonization will increase our ability to define predispositions to pathogen carriage at these sites and the subsequent risk of infection.