Environmental conditions in the nursery regulate root system development and architecture of forest tree seedlings: a systematic review
Environmental conditions in the nursery regulate root system development and architecture of forest tree seedlings: a systematic review
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s11056-022-09944-8
复制
发表时间：
2022-10
期刊：
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Andrei Toca;E. Moler;Andrew Nelson;D. Jacobs
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Andrei Toca;E. Moler;Andrew Nelson;D. Jacobs
根系生长动态和构型影响人工林幼苗的成活率和田间性能。根系表现出广泛的表型可塑性，以响应环境条件的变化，这可以通过管理来利用，以产生具有理想根系性状的幼苗，以获得更好的田间表现。本文对苗圃生产和田间建设中养分、光照、土壤温度、水分有效性及其相互作用对幼苗根系发育和结构的影响进行了系统综述。主要研究结果表明，养分和水分的有效性在调节根系发育和结构方面具有最大的潜力。高养分利用率增加了根系的整体生长、分枝和生根深度，直到植物达到养分充足，这可能导致根系生长抑制。干旱预处理（即在苗圃中暴露于干旱胁迫）的影响差异很大，但通常会减少幼苗的大小，促进根与芽的生长。土壤温度和光效可以控制幼苗生长，影响幼苗的抗逆性。例如，遮荫促进茎对根的生长，而光周期减少则有相反的效果。森林树种根系生长的最佳温度在15 ~ 25℃之间，超过这个温度，根系的发育就会受到越来越大的损害。此外，幼苗形态和生理往往是环境因素相互叠加或相互作用的结果。养分有效性与其他环境因子之间的相互作用显示出改善幼苗根系发育和田间生产的最大潜力。然而，物种和生态型之间的生态差异以及性状表达之间的复杂权衡，使相互作用的环境因素之间的明确趋势的识别陷入困境。
Root system growth dynamics and architecture influence the establishment and field performance of planted forest tree seedlings. Roots display extensive phenotypic plasticity in response to changes in environmental conditions, which can be harnessed through management to produce seedlings with desirable root traits for better field performance. This systematic review synthesizes research on the effects of nutrients, light, soil temperature, water availability, and their interactions on seedling root system development and architecture in nursery production and field establishment. Major findings show that nutrient and water availability have the greatest potential for regulating root system development and architecture. High nutrient availability increases overall root growth, branching, and rooting depth until plants reach nutrient sufficiency that may cause root growth inhibition. Drought preconditioning (i.e., exposure to drought stress in the nursery) effects vary widely, but generally reduces seedling size and promotes root vs. shoot growth. Soil temperature and light availability can control seedling growth and influence stress resistance. For example, shading promotes shoot vs. root growth, while photoperiod reduction has the opposite effect. Forest tree species have an optimal temperature for root growth between 15 and 25 °C, outside of which, development is increasingly impaired. Furthermore, seedling morphology and physiology is often a result of additive or interactive effects among environmental factors. Interactions between nutrient availability and other environmental factors show the greatest potential to improve seedling root development and field performance. However, ecological differences among species and ecotypes and complex tradeoffs among trait expression can entangle the identification of clear trends among interacting environmental factors.