Networks and dominance hierarchies: does interspecific aggression explain flower partitioning among stingless bees?
Networks and dominance hierarchies: does interspecific aggression explain flower partitioning among stingless bees?
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2311.2010.01174.x
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发表时间：
2010-04-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Bluethgen, Nico
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dworschak, Kai;Bluethgen, Nico
2.为了确定在婆罗洲本地无刺蜜蜂群落中的竞争优势等级及其对花朵分配的影响，在竞技场实验中对8种蜜蜂进行了种间入侵试验。所有被测试的物种在竞技场上都具有很强的相互攻击性，所观察到的相互作用往往对一方或双方都是致命的。攻击性随着战斗对之间的体型差异而显着增加，并且是不对称的：较大的侵略者优于较小的物种。另外的攻击性测试包括带有表面提取物的假人，结果表明物种和群体特定的表面轮廓在触发攻击行为方面很重要。观察到16种无刺蜜蜂在41种开花植物上觅食。由此产生的蜜蜂-花卉相互作用网络表现出高度的概括性(网络级专门化H-2‘=0.11)，对应于蜜蜂物种在现有花卉物种中的随机、机会性分布。对花的侵袭很少见，而且只发生在低水平。在竞技场实验中获得的优势等级与植物质量没有显著的相关性，估计为每株花的数量或总的蜜蜂访问率。我们的发现表明，干扰竞争中的不对称性并不一定转化为复杂互动社区背景下的实际资源划分。
2. In order to determine the competitive dominance hierarchy and its effect on flower partitioning in a local stingless bee community in Borneo, interspecific aggressions were tested among eight species in arena experiments.3. All species tested were strongly mutually aggressive in the arena, and the observed interactions were often lethal for one or both opponents. Aggression significantly increased with body size differences between fighting pairs and was asymmetric: larger aggressors were superior over smaller species. Additional aggression tests involved dummies with surface extracts, and results suggest that species- and colony-specific surface profiles are important in triggering the aggressive behaviour.4. Sixteen stingless bee species were observed foraging on 41 species of flowering plants. The resulting bee-flower interaction network showed a high degree of generalisation (network-level specialisation H-2' = 0.11), corresponding to a random, opportunistic distribution of bee species among available flower species.5. Aggressions on flowers were rare and only occurred at a low level. The dominance hierarchy obtained in the arena experiments did not correlate significantly with plant quality, estimated as the number of flowers per plant or as total bee visitation rate.6. Our findings suggest that asymmetries in interference competition do not necessarily translate into actual resource partitioning in the context of complex interacting communities.