Fault Location of Lightning Strikes Using Residual Analysis Based on an Adaptive Kalman Filter
Fault Location of Lightning Strikes Using Residual Analysis Based on an Adaptive Kalman Filter
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DOI：
10.1109/access.2019.2926282
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发表时间：
2019-07
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Yanhui Xi;Xin Tang;Z. Li;Xiangjun Zeng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yanhui Xi;Xin Tang;Z. Li;Xiangjun Zeng
雷击是输配电系统发生暂态、故障和停电的重要原因。提出用双指数函数来模拟雷电电流的衰减部分。描述了一般故障电流和雷电故障电流之间的暂态特性差异(如梯度和波形)。为此，提出了用暂态电流峰值与下一步暂态电流幅值的比较来区分短路故障和雷击故障的判据。提出了基于最大似然卡尔曼滤波(KF-ML)估计残差的行波测距方法，用于不同雷击点、不同故障点、不同雷侧的雷电测距和故障测距。当行波波前到达时，估计的残差表现出明显的奇异性。因此，可以通过比较初始行波到达两个变电站的时间来区分雷击侧和故障侧。雷电距离可由初始行波到达M、N变电站的时间计算，故障距离可由雷电初始行波到达故障侧的时间与故障点从雷电侧传来的反射波计算得到。通过模拟雷电电流，验证了该方法提取突变特征的有效性，并对各种情况下的雷电定位和故障定位的准确性进行了检验。
Lightning strikes are the significant cause of transient, faults, and outages in electric power transmission and distribution systems. The double-exponential function is proposed to simulate the decaying part of the measured lightning current. The transient characteristic difference (such as the gradient and waveform) between the common fault current and the lightning fault current is described in this paper. Thus, the criterion, which is to compare the peak value of transient current with the amplitude of transient current at the following $200~\mu \text{s}$ , is proposed to distinguish the short-circuit fault and the lightning stroke fault. The traveling wave location method, which uses the estimated residuals by the Kalman filter based on maximum likelihood (KF-ML), has been proposed for lightning location and fault location in various conditions, such as different lightning points, different fault points, and different lightning sides. The estimated residuals exhibit the sharp singularity when traveling wave front arrives. Thus, the lightning side and the fault side can be differentiated by comparing the time when the initial traveling wave reaches the two substations. Also, the lightning distance can be calculated by the time when the initial lightning traveling wave surge reaches the substations M and N, and the fault distance can be obtained by the time of lightning initial traveling wave arriving at the fault side and the reflection wave from fault point which gets from the lightning side. The effectiveness of exacting mutation feature using the proposed method has been demonstrated by the simulated lightning current and has also been tested with the accuracy of lightning location and fault location under various conditions.