Recent developments in heterogeneous catalysis for the sustainable production of biodiesel
Recent developments in heterogeneous catalysis for the sustainable production of biodiesel
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cattod.2014.03.072
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发表时间：
2015-03-15
期刊：
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Wilson, Karen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lee, Adam F.;Wilson, Karen
对能源安全的追求和对二氧化碳排放量增加的人为来源的广泛接受以及燃烧化石衍生碳源引起的相关气候变化，正在推动学术和商业研究进入可持续燃料的新途径，以满足快速增长的全球人口的需求。生物柴油是最容易实施和低成本的替代交通燃料来源之一，以满足未来的社会需求。然而，目前使用均相酸和碱通过酯交换生产生物柴油的方法导致昂贵的燃料纯化过程和不期望的污染。以大豆为原料合成生物柴油的生命周期计算表明，单一的能源密集型的步骤是催化转化TAG为生物柴油，占总的一次能源投入的87%，这主要来自淬火和分离步骤。需要开发分别除去不需要的游离脂肪酸（FFA）杂质并将植物油中天然存在的甘油三酯转化为清洁生物柴油的固体酸和碱催化剂以提高工艺效率。然而，许多常规催化剂的微孔性质限制了它们转化植物油或藻油典型的大体积和粘性进料的能力。在这里，我们描述了如何改进的催化剂性能和整体工艺效率可以从基于具有分级结构的模板化固体酸和碱的新合成材料、定制的表面性质和允许连续操作的强化工艺的使用的组合中产生。(C)2014爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
The quest for energy security and widespread acceptance of the anthropogenic origin of rising CO2 emissions and associated climate change from combusting fossil derived carbon sources, is driving academic and commercial research into new routes to sustainable fuels to meet the demands of a rapidly rising global population. Biodiesel is one of the most readily implemented and low cost, alternative source of transportation fuels to meet future societal demands. However, current practises to produce biodiesel via transesterification employing homogeneous acids and bases result in costly fuel purification processes and undesired pollution. Life-cycle calculations on biodiesel synthesis from soybean feedstock show that the single most energy intensive step is the catalytic conversion of TAGs into biodiesel, accounting for 87% of the total primary energy input, which largely arises from the quench and separation steps. The development of solid acid and base catalysts that respectively remove undesired free fatty acid (FFA) impurities, and transform naturally occurring triglycerides found within plant oils into clean biodiesel would be desirable to improve process efficiency. However, the microporous nature of many conventional catalysts limits their ability to convert bulky and viscous feeds typical of plant or algal oils. Here we describe how improved catalyst performance, and overall process efficiency can result from a combination of new synthetic materials based upon templated solid acids and bases with hierarchical structures, tailored surface properties and use of intensified process allowing continuous operation. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.