The evolution and genetics of sexually dimorphic ‘dual’ mimicry in the butterfly Elymnias hypermnestra
The evolution and genetics of sexually dimorphic ‘dual’ mimicry in the butterfly Elymnias hypermnestra
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2020.2192
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发表时间：
2021-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Dee M. Ruttenberg;Nicholas W. VanKuren;Sumitha Nallu;S. Yen;D. Peggie;David J. Lohman;M. Kronforst
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文献类型：
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作者：
Dee M. Ruttenberg;Nicholas W. VanKuren;Sumitha Nallu;S. Yen;D. Peggie;David J. Lohman;M. Kronforst
两性异形是整个生命树形态变异的一个主要组成部分，但单一物种性别之间表型差异的机制知之甚少。我们研究了常见掌蝇Elymnias hypermnestra的种群基因组学和生物地理学，Elymnias hypermnestra是一种双重模仿物，其中雌性翅膀颜色图案要么是深棕色（黑褐色），要么是亮橙子，分别模仿有毒的Euploea和Danaus物种。由于雄鸟总是有一个黑色的翅膀颜色模式，这使得E。hypermnestra是一种迷人的模式生物，其中种群在性二型性方面各不相同。群体结构分析表明，该群体中存在3个遗传差异较大的E. hypermnestra种群，我们进一步验证了创建一个新的基因组物种树和推断历史障碍的基因流。这一种树表明，多个谱系与橙子女性不形成一个单系群，这也是真实的分支与黑色女性。我们确定了两个单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）附近的颜色图案基因WntA显着相关的女性颜色图案多态性，这表明该基因影响性二态性。考虑到WntA在蛱蝶科中的颜色模式中的作用，E. hypermnestra女性证明了性二型性进化的可重复性。
Sexual dimorphism is a major component of morphological variation across the tree of life, but the mechanisms underlying phenotypic differences between sexes of a single species are poorly understood. We examined the population genomics and biogeography of the common palmfly Elymnias hypermnestra, a dual mimic in which female wing colour patterns are either dark brown (melanic) or bright orange, mimicking toxic Euploea and Danaus species, respectively. As males always have a melanic wing colour pattern, this makes E. hypermnestra a fascinating model organism in which populations vary in sexual dimorphism. Population structure analysis revealed that there were three genetically distinct E. hypermnestra populations, which we further validated by creating a phylogenomic species tree and inferring historical barriers to gene flow. This species tree demonstrated that multiple lineages with orange females do not form a monophyletic group, and the same is true of clades with melanic females. We identified two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the colour patterning gene WntA that were significantly associated with the female colour pattern polymorphism, suggesting that this gene affects sexual dimorphism. Given WntA's role in colour patterning across Nymphalidae, E. hypermnestra females demonstrate the repeatability of the evolution of sexual dimorphism.