Genetic risk and the birth of the somatic individual
Genetic risk and the birth of the somatic individual
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遗传风险和体细胞个体的诞生
DOI：
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
N. Rose
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Novas;N. Rose
本文考虑了新分子遗传学的兴起对我们被统治的方式和我们统治自己的方式的影响。使用遗传筛查和遗传歧视的例子在教育，就业和保险，和那些在发展亨廷顿氏病的风险和他们的亲属之间的辩论的案例研究，我们建议，这些新的发展的批评者提出的一些索赔是错位的。虽然存在基因歧视的可能性，但关键事件是创造“基因风险”的人。但是，基因风险并不意味着在不可调和的生物命运面前听天由命：它诱导了一个人与自己和未来的新的积极关系。特别是，它产生了新形式的“遗传责任”，在新的义务和身份社区中定位实际和潜在的受影响的个人。在基因层面上对人格的改写及其通过“分子光学”的可视化，远没有产生宿命论，而是以意想不到的方式改变了病人和专家之间的关系，并与新的“生活策略”的发展有关，涉及与一个人的基因构成有关的选择，企业，自我实现和谨慎的实践。一般来说，我们认为，“基因上有风险”的人的出生，是人格沿着躯体线条的更广泛重塑的一部分，也是生命概念本身的突变。
This paper considers the implications of the rise of the new molecular genetics for the ways in which we are governed and the ways in which we govern ourselves. Using examples of genetic screening and genetic discrimination in education, employment and insurance, and a case study of debates among those at risk of developing Huntington's Disease and their relatives, we suggest that some of the claims made by critics of these new developments are misplaced. While there are possibilities of genetic discrimination, the key event is the creation of the person 'genetically at risk'. But genetic risk does not imply resignation in the face of an implacable biological destiny: it induces new and active relations to oneself and one's future. In particular, it generates new forms of 'genetic responsibility', locating actually and potentially affected individuals within new communities of obligation and identification. Far from generating fatalism, the rewriting of personhood at a genetic level and its visualization through a 'molecular optic' transforms the relations between patient and expert in unexpected ways, and is linked to the development of novel 'life strategies', involving practices of choice, enterprise, self-actualization and prudence in relation to one's genetic make-up. Most generally, we suggest, the birth of the person 'genetically at risk' is part of a wider reshaping of personhood along somatic lines and a mutation in conceptions of life itself.