COSTS OF A PREDICTABLE SWITCH BETWEEN SIMPLE COGNITIVE TASKS
COSTS OF A PREDICTABLE SWITCH BETWEEN SIMPLE COGNITIVE TASKS
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DOI：
10.1037/0096-3445.124.2.207
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发表时间：
1995-06-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
MONSELL, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ROGERS, RD;MONSELL, S
在一项任务集重构的调查中，参与者在5个实验中每2次试验中切换2个任务，在最后一个实验中每4次试验中切换1个任务。任务是将一对字符中的数字成员分类为偶数/奇数，或将字母成员分类为辅音/元音。当反应-刺激间隔增加到0.6秒时，这种可预测的任务转换的实质性成本下降：参与者可以在刺激之前部分地重新配置。然而，即使有1.2 s的准备时间，很大的渐近反应时间（RT）成本仍然存在，但只是在新任务的第一次试验中。这归因于外源性触发的重构成分，即仅由任务相关刺激触发。刺激唤起相关的任务集也解释了为什么当刺激包含与当前无关任务相关的字符时，RT和切换成本会增加。
In an investigation of task-set reconfiguration, participants switched between 2 tasks on every 2nd trial in 5 experiments and on every 4th trial in a final experiment. The tasks were to classify either the digit member of a pair of characters as even/odd or the letter member as consonant/vowel. As the response-stimulus interval increased up to 0.6 s, the substantial cost to performance of this predictable task-switch fell: Participants could partially reconfigure in advance of the stimulus. However, even with 1.2 s available for preparation, a large asymptotic reaction time (RT) cost remained, but only on the 1st trial of the new task. This is attributed to a component of reconfiguration triggered exogenously, i.e., only by a task-relevant stimulus. That stimuli evoke associated task-sets also explains why RT and switch costs increased when the stimulus included a character associated with the currently irrelevant task.