Spring wheat response to timing of water deficit through sink and grain filling capacity
Spring wheat response to timing of water deficit through sink and grain filling capacity
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DOI：
10.1016/j.fcr.2009.08.007
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发表时间：
2009-11-10
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rajala, Ari;Hakala, Kaija;Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo
水和氮的有效性是影响全球作物生长的主要因素。在干旱易发地区，如地中海型环境的地区，作物生长所需的水分配不良或不足会降低产量。谷物产量是一个复杂的性状，包括单位土地面积的植株数、单株穗数、每穗小穗数、每小穗粒数和单粒重。在穗位水平上研究了春小麦产量构成因素的水分限制和油分形成时间效应。品种苦杏酒。三个浇水处理（对照浇水，CONT;授粉前干旱，DR 1和终端干旱，DR 2）的实验安排在一个大温室（20米× 30米），使用标准的田间试验机械。自动遮光窗帘被用来控制白天的长度，设置为与北纬40度相对应。采用两种施氮量（60和120 kg N ha（-1）），通过浇水处理，研究了氮素效应和潜在的浇水与氮素相互作用对产量形成和实现的影响。水分亏缺效应大于氮肥对可育小花数、结实粒数和干物质重的影响。DR 1强烈减少了可育小花和籽粒的数量，而终端干旱减少了每穗籽粒的数量。授粉时恢复浇水可显著提高光合作用，从而提高籽粒灌浆能力。导致DR 1中的最高SGW。关键资源利用率的提高与可育小花率和籽粒败育率的降低有关，从而导致DR 1的籽粒与可育小花比率较高。穗中部小穗在各处理中均占主导地位。在DR 1中，这一点得到了特别强调，因为53%的籽粒产量是在4-6粒小穗中产生的，而在DR 2和CONT中，这一比例分别为45%和41%。近穗粒占穗粒产量的80%左右，这一比例在受胁迫植株和施氮量为60 kg的植株中略高。对于任何测量参数，均未发生明显的N x水分亏缺处理相互作用。(C)2009爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Water and nitrogen (N) availability are the main factors influencing crop growth globally. Poorly distributed or insufficient water for crop growth requirements decreases yields in drought-prone areas Such as those with a Mediterranean type environment. Cereal grain yield is a complex trait of interrelated components: plants per unit land area, spikes per plant, spikelets per spike, grains per spikelet, and single grain weight (SGW). The effect of water limitation and timing oil development of yield components was studied in detail at the spike level in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Amaretto. An experiment with three watering treatments (control watering, CONT; drought prior to pollination, DR1 and terminal drought, DR2) was arranged in a large greenhouse (20 m x 30 m), with the use of standard field-trial machinery. Automated blackout curtains were used to control day length, which was set to correspond to that at 40 degrees N. With watering treatments, two N application rates (60 and 120 kg N ha(-1)) were used to investigate the N effect and potential watering x N interaction on yield formation and realisation. The water deficit effect exceeded the effect of N on fertile floret and grain number and SGW. DR1 strongly reduced the number of fertile florets and grains, whereas terminal drought reduced the number of grains per spike. Resuming the watering at pollination markedly enhanced photosynthesis, and hence grain filling capacity. resulting in the highest SGW in DR1. Enhancement in availability of key resources was associated with reduced rate of fertile floret and grain abortion, which resulted in higher grain to fertile floret ratio in DR1. Spikelets in the mid-section of the spike dominated yield formation in all treatments. In DR1 this was especially emphasised as 53% of the grain yield was produced in spikelets 4-6, whereas in DR2 and CONT this was 45 and 41%, respectively. Grains in proximal position in the spikelets produced about 80% of the spike grain yield, the proportion being slightly higher in stressed plants and plants receiving 60 kg N. No marked N x water deficit treatment interaction occurred for any of the measured parameters. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.