Amerindian and Afro-American Perceptions of Their Traditional Knowledge in the Choco Biodiversity Hotspot
Amerindian and Afro-American Perceptions of Their Traditional Knowledge in the Choco Biodiversity Hotspot
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DOI：
10.1007/s12231-016-9341-3
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发表时间：
2016-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Macia, Manuel J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Camara-Leret, Rodrigo;Copete, Juan C.;Macia, Manuel J.
乔科生物多样性热点地区是地球上生物多样性最丰富且受威胁的地区之一，但其居民关于生物多样性的传统知识 (TK) 仍鲜有研究。生物多样性和生态系统服务政府间平台（IPBES）旨在整合不同的知识体系，包括科学和传统知识，以评估地球生物多样性的状况。我们记录了三个族裔群体的传统知识：非洲裔哥伦比亚人（n = 86 名参与者）、美洲印第安人 Embera（n = 88）和 Tsa'chila（n = 52），重点关注他们对 (i) 最重要的棕榈树、(ii) 当前与过去用途、(iii) 和传统知识传播的看法。我们发现了 46 种有用的棕榈树品种和 520 种不同的棕榈用途。根据民族植物学常用的定量指标，当地人认为最重要的物种也具有很高的使用价值。尽管建筑是最常提到的用途类别，但非裔哥伦比亚和 Tsa’chila 住宅中没有棕榈材料，而在 Embera 住宅中，棕榈材料正逐渐被取代。在这三种文化中，人们普遍认为传统知识没有被传递给年轻一代。总体而言，目前对传统知识传播减少、森林利用减少以及乔科人的代际观念差异的看法可能会加速传统知识的侵蚀。因此，这最终可能会限制美洲印第安人和非裔哥伦比亚传统知识对 IPBES 评估生物多样性实地变化的目标的贡献。
The Choco biodiversity hotspot is one of the most biodiverse and threatened regions on earth, yet the traditional knowledge (TK) of its inhabitants about biodiversity remains little studied. The Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) aims to integrate different knowledge systems, including scientific and TK, to assess the state of the planet's biodiversity. We documented the TK of three ethnic groups: Afro-Colombians (n = 86 participants), Amerindian Embera (n = 88), and Tsa'chila (n = 52), focusing on their perceptions about (i) the most important palms, (ii) current vs. past uses, (iii) and TK transmission. We found 46 useful palm species and 520 different uses of palms. The species that were most important in local people's views also had high use value, based on a commonly used quantitative index in ethnobotany. Although construction was the most commonly mentioned use category, palm materials were absent in Afro-Colombian and Tsa'chila homes, and were being increasingly replaced in Embera homes. In all three cultures, it was generally believed that TK was not being transmitted to the younger generations. In aggregate, the current perceptions of decreasing transmission of TK, decreasing use of forests, and intergenerational differences in perceptions in the Choco could accelerate the erosion of TK. Therefore, this could ultimately limit the contribution of Amerindian and Afro-Colombian TK to IPBES's goals of assessing on-the-ground changes in biodiversity.