Dialectic Developments of ‘City’ and ‘Country’ in Japan’s Metropolitan Regions
Dialectic Developments of ‘City’ and ‘Country’ in Japan’s Metropolitan Regions
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日本首都圈“城”与“乡”的辩证发展
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-61376-5_2
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Atsushi Katagi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Atsushi Katagi
20世纪世纪的日本城市规划，尤其是东京、大坂、名古屋三大都市圈的城市规划，呈现出“城”与“乡”的辩证发展。由于1919年《城市规划法》规定的土地调整以耕地调整为基础，因此对城市地区采用了引导耕地开发的方法。在20世纪30年代，东京、大坂和名古屋大都市区制定了绿色地区计划，随后又改为防空计划，其中一些计划在第二次世界大战期间实现。这些大都市被战时轰炸完全摧毁，并根据重建计划重建。东京重建计划（1946-48年）中的绿色地区和第一次首都圈服务计划（1956-58年）中的郊区地区都是基于以前的绿色地区和防空计划，但由于农民的反对而从未实现，他们在农地改革（1947-）中成为农地的所有者。此后，新的《城市规划法》（1968年）将城市规划区划分为所谓的“城市化促进区”和“城市化控制区”。虽然前者包括许多农田，但后者允许进行一些建筑活动。《农业促进区法》（1969年）单独指定了“农业促进区”。即使在当前相当复杂的法律的体系下，周边地区也进行了一些具有挑战性的协调“城市”和“乡村”的实验。
Japanese city planning in the 20th century reveals the dialectic developments of ‘City’ and ‘Country’, particularly around the three major metropolitan regions of Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya. Since land readjustment under the City Planning Law (1919) was based on arable land readjustment, a method to steer the development of arable land was applied to urban areas. In the 1930s, green area plans were drawn up for the Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya metropolitan regions and subsequently changed into air defense plans, some of which were realized during the Second World War. These metropolises were completely destroyed by wartime bombing and rebuilt according to reconstruction plans. The green area in the Tokyo Reconstruction Plan (1946–48) and the Suburban Area in the First Metropolitan Area Service Project (1956–58), both of which were based on the former green area and air defense plans, were never realized due to the objection of farmers, who became the owners of agricultural land under the Agricultural Land Reform (1947–). Thereafter, the new City Planning Law (1968) divided the city planning area into so-called ‘urbanization promotion areas’ and ‘urbanization control areas’. While many parcels of agricultural land are included in the former, some building activities are allowed in the latter. ‘Agricultural promotion areas’ are separately designated through the Agricultural Promotion Area Law (1969). Some challenging experiments to harmonize ‘City’ and ‘Country’ have been carried out in peripheral areas, even under the current rather complicated legal system.