What we know and do not know about sex and cardiac disease.
What we know and do not know about sex and cardiac disease.
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DOI：
10.1155/2010/562051
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发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Konhilas JP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Konhilas JP
心血管疾病（CVD）仍然是男性和女性死亡的唯一主要原因。很大一部分患有 CVD 的人群将因充血性心力衰竭 (CHF) 的诊断而死亡。人们越来越认识到 CHF 的病因、发展和结果中存在性别差异。例如，与男性相比，患有 CHF 的女性通常年龄较大，并且心脏收缩功能未受损。尽管越来越多的文献探讨了心脏病性别二态性的潜在机制，但这些研究中仍然存在显着的不一致之处。鉴于 CHF 的发生是遗传和非遗传因素复杂整合的结果，分子机制的阐明和随后的鉴定仍不清楚也就不足为奇了。在这篇综述中，将强调 CVD 和 CHF 性别差异的关键方面，并重点讨论有关这些差异的一些尚未解答的问题。有人认为，为了更好地理解这些性别二态性，参考每种性别的细胞机制变得至关重要。
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the single leading cause of death in both men and women. A large proportion of the population with CVD will die with a diagnosis of congestive heart failure (CHF). It is becoming increasingly recognized that sex differences exist in the etiology, development, and outcome of CHF. For example, compared to male counterparts, women that present with CHF are typically older and have systolic cardiac function that is not impaired. Despite a growing body of literature addressing the underlying mechanisms of sex dimorphisms in cardiac disease, there remain significant inconsistencies reported in these studies. Given that the development of CHF results from the complex integration of genetic and nongenetic cues, it is not surprising that the elucidation and subsequent identification of molecular mechanisms remains unclear. In this review, key aspects of sex differences in CVD and CHF will be highlighted with an emphasis on some of the unanswered questions regarding these differences. The contention is presented that it becomes critical to reference cellular mechanisms within the context of each sex to better understand these sex dimorphisms.