The role of shape-dependent flight stability in the origin of oriented meteorites

The role of shape-dependent flight stability in the origin of oriented meteorites
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形状相关的飞行稳定性在定向陨石起源中的作用

DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1815133116
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Ristroph, Leif
Ristroph, Leif
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Amin, Khunsa;Huang, Jinzi Mac;Hu, Kevin J.;Zhang, Jun;Ristroph, Leif

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流星体在大气中的烧蚀是固体物体由于在流体中的运动而发生变形的一个突出例子。在地球上收集的陨石样本表明在飞行过程中固定的方向,最值得注意的是所谓的定向陨石的圆锥形状的动机,我们假设,这种形式的结果从空气动力学稳定的姿态,可能只能通过特定的形状。在这里,我们调查这个问题的飞行稳定性的平行上下文中的流动的水,产生类似于定向陨石的形状的粘土体的流体机械侵蚀。我们进行实验室实验中的圆锥形物体自由移动通过水和固定在施加流,以确定形状的取向稳定性的依赖。在自由运动过程中,细长的锥体经历姿势的不稳定性,如倒置和翻滚,而宽的或钝的形式表现出振荡模式,如摇摆和颤动。只有中间形状,包括侵蚀雕刻的刻板形状,才能实现稳定的方向和顶点引导的直线飞行。我们证实了这些研究结果与系统的测量扭矩和稳定性的潜力在不同的顶角,提供了一个完整的地图的平衡姿势和稳定性的锥体。这些结果表明,在单向流中雕刻的特定圆锥形在飞行中作为自由体也是姿态稳定的,这些结果为定向陨石的起源提供了一个自洽的图像。
The atmospheric ablation of meteoroids is a striking example of the reshaping of a solid object due to its motion through a fluid. Motivated by meteorite samples collected on Earth that suggest fixed orientation during flight—most notably the conical shape of so-called oriented meteorites—we hypothesize that such forms result from an aerodynamic stabilization of posture that may be achieved only by specific shapes. Here, we investigate this issue of flight stability in the parallel context of fluid mechanical erosion of clay bodies in flowing water, which yields shapes resembling oriented meteorites. We conduct laboratory experiments on conical objects freely moving through water and fixed within imposed flows to determine the dependence of orientational stability on shape. During free motion, slender cones undergo postural instabilities, such as inversion and tumbling, and broad or dull forms exhibit oscillatory modes, such as rocking and fluttering. Only intermediate shapes, including the stereotypical form carved by erosion, achieve stable orientation and straight flight with apex leading. We corroborate these findings with systematic measurements of torque and stability potentials across cones of varying apex angle, which furnish a complete map of equilibrium postures and their stability. By showing that the particular conical form carved in unidirectional flows is also posturally stable as a free body in flight, these results suggest a self-consistent picture for the origin of oriented meteorites.
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