The role of carbon capture and storage to achieve net-zero energy systems: Trade-offs between economics and the environment
The role of carbon capture and storage to achieve net-zero energy systems: Trade-offs between economics and the environment
复制标题
碳捕获和储存在实现净零能源系统中的作用：经济与环境之间的权衡
DOI：
10.1016/j.rser.2023.113246
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
15.9
通讯作者：
A. Bardow
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Shu;S. Deutz;Benedikt Winter;N. Baumgärtner;Ludger Leenders;A. Bardow
碳捕获和碳储存既可以减少温室气体排放，又可以提供负排放，有助于向净零社会过渡。碳捕获和储存的贡献已在跨部门能源系统模型中进行了研究。然而，此类模型通常关注成本和温室气体排放，而仅针对个别技术调查更广泛的环境影响。在这里，我们通过将能源系统建模与生命周期评估相结合，分析了向净零排放过渡的经济和环境影响。我们专注于二氧化碳储存对经济或环境影响的全系统影响。在我们对2045年前德国能源系统转型的调查中，净零排放需要最小量的碳捕获和储存。然而，将二氧化碳储存量增加到最低限度以上，可以避免对材料密集型技术的投资，例如在发电潜力低的地区投资发电制甲烷或可再生发电厂，从而大大降低16个影响类别中多达13个类别的成本和环境影响。在没有电力进口的情况下，2045年二氧化碳储存量在1.18亿吨至3.79亿吨之间，当二氧化碳储存量最小化时，成本增加105%。84%的成本增加是为了消除最后储存的2300万吨二氧化碳。应用碳捕获和储存的好处是强大的可再生电力进口量和需要补偿的剩余排放量的变化。因此，研究结果表明，碳捕获和储存可以在向净零能源系统过渡的过程中提供经济和环境效益，而不仅仅是减缓温室气体排放。
Carbon capture and storage can both reduce greenhouse gas emissions and provide negative emissions to contribute to the transition to a net-zero society. The contribution of carbon capture and storage has been investigated within cross-sectorial energy system models. However, such models commonly focus on cost and greenhouse gas emissions, while broader environmental impacts are investigated for individual technologies only. Here, we analyze economic and environmental impacts of the transition to net-zero emissions by combining energy system modeling with life-cycle assessment. We focus on the system-wide implications of carbon dioxide storage on economic or environmental impacts. In our investigation of the transition of the German energy system until 2045, net-zero emissions require a minimal amount of carbon capture and storage. However, increasing carbon dioxide storage beyond the minimum amount significantly lowers cost and environmental impacts in up to 13 out of 16 impact categories by avoiding investments into material-intensive technologies, such as power-to-methane or renewable power plants in areas with low generation potential. In scenarios without electricity imports, carbon dioxide storage ranges between 118 Mt to 379 Mt in 2045 with cost increasing by 105 % when carbon dioxide storage is minimized. 84 % of the cost increase is incurred for eliminating the final 23 Mt of carbon dioxide stored.The benefits of applying carbon capture and storage are robust to variations in the amount of renewable electricity imports and residual emissions that require compensation. Hence, the results suggest that carbon capture and storage can offer economic and environmental benefits in the transition to net-zero energy systems beyond greenhouse gas emission mitigation.