Individual and institutional push and pull factors as predictors of retirement timing in Europe: A multilevel analysis
Individual and institutional push and pull factors as predictors of retirement timing in Europe: A multilevel analysis
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jaging.2013.06.003
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发表时间：
2013-12-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Mortelmans, Dimitri
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
De Preter, Hanne;Van Looy, Dorien;Mortelmans, Dimitri
近几十年来，欧洲的退休人数大幅增加。然而，目前尚不清楚的是，个人是否更有可能被他们对退休后生活的期望所吸引，而不是因为健康状况不佳或不喜欢自己的工作而被挤出劳动力市场。欧洲国家之间退休时间的差异相当大，这一事实表明，不仅微观，而且宏观推（即劳动力市场的限制）和拉（即经济激励）因素影响退休决定。这种双重性突出了确定微观层面和宏观层面推拉指标对欧洲老年工人（50岁以上）退休时间的影响的必要性。结果是使用欧洲健康、老龄化和退休调查第一波（2004/05）和第二波（2006/07）的纵向微观数据以及来自经济合作与发展组织（经合组织）和欧盟统计局的宏观数据进行多层次事件历史分析获得的。老年工人因健康问题而被排挤，以及被吸引到退休时与孙辈共度时光。在制度层面，财政激励措施，如对继续工作征收高额隐性税和提前退出计划的高额支出，使退休具有吸引力，而制度推动背景则不那么重要。(C)2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
The number of retired people in Europe has increased significantly in recent decades. It remains unclear, however, whether individuals are more likely to be pulled toward retirement by their expectations about life after retirement than they are to be pushed out of the labour market due to poor health or dislike of one's job. The fact that retirement timing differs rather considerably between European countries suggests that not only micro, but also macro push (i.e. labour market constraints) and pull (i.e. economic incentives) factors influence retirement decisions. This duality heightens the need to determine the influence of micro-level and macro-level push and pull indicators on the retirement timing of older workers (50+) in Europe. Results are obtained performing multilevel event history analysis using longitudinal micro data from the first (2004/05) and second (2006/07) waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe and macro data derived from the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and Eurostat The results indicate that at the individual level, older workers are pushed out due to health problems as well as being attracted towards retirement to spend time with their grandchildren. At the institutional level, financial incentives such as a high implicit tax on continued work and high expenditures on early exit schemes make retirement attractive, whereas the institutional push context is of lesser importance. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.