Roles of Exosomes in Ocular Diseases.
Roles of Exosomes in Ocular Diseases.
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外泌体在眼部疾病中的作用。
DOI：
10.2147/ijn.s277190
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
Zhang Z
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu J;Jiang F;Jiang Y;Wang Y;Li Z;Shi X;Zhu Y;Wang H;Zhang Z
外体是直径为30到150 nm的纳米级囊泡，由脂双层、蛋白质和遗传物质组成。人体内几乎所有类型的细胞都能分泌外体。它们在细胞间的交流、免疫调节、炎症反应和新生血管中起着关键作用。越来越多的证据表明，外切体在癌症、心血管疾病、脑部疾病等多种疾病中发挥着重要作用，然而，外切体在眼科疾病中的作用还没有得到严格的研究。本文综述了眼部疾病，包括糖尿病视网膜病变、老年性黄斑变性、自身免疫性葡萄膜炎、青光眼、外伤性视神经病变、角膜疾病、早产儿视网膜病变和葡萄膜黑色素瘤等眼部疾病的最新研究进展。此外，我们还讨论了外切体生物学功能的最新进展，重点讨论了外切体的毒性以及外切体作为生物标志物和药物传递囊泡的应用。最后，我们总结了有效应用外切体的主要考虑因素和需要考虑的挑战。
Exosomes, nanoscale vesicles with a diameter of 30 to 150 nm, are composed of a lipid bilayer, protein, and genetic material. Exosomes are secreted by virtually all types of cells in the human body. They have key functions in cell-to-cell communication, immune regulation, inflammatory response, and neovascularization. Mounting evidence indicates that exosomes play an important role in various diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and brain diseases; however, the role that exosomes play in eye diseases has not yet been rigorously studied. This review covers current exosome research as it relates to ocular diseases including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, autoimmune uveitis, glaucoma, traumatic optic neuropathies, corneal diseases, retinopathy of prematurity, and uveal melanoma. In addition, we discuss recent advances in the biological functions of exosomes, focusing on the toxicity of exosomes and the use of exosomes as biomarkers and drug delivery vesicles. Finally, we summarize the primary considerations and challenges to be taken into account for the effective applications of exosomes.