Evolution of Vertebrate Adam Genes; Duplication of Testicular Adams from Ancient Adam9/9-like Loci.
Evolution of Vertebrate Adam Genes; Duplication of Testicular Adams from Ancient Adam9/9-like Loci.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0136281
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Wei S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bahudhanapati H;Bhattacharya S;Wei S
解整合素金属蛋白酶（ADAM）家族成员在调节细胞-细胞和细胞-基质相互作用以及细胞信号传导中具有重要功能。有两种主要类型的亚当斯：体亚当斯（sADAMs），在体细胞组织中有显着的存在，和睾丸亚当斯（tADAMs），主要在睾丸中表达。编码tADAM的基因可进一步分为两组：I组（无内含子）和II组（含内含子）。迄今为止，tAdams仅在胎盘哺乳动物中有报道，它们的进化起源和与sAdams的关系在很大程度上仍然未知。使用系统发育和同线工具，我们分析了亚当基因在各种脊椎动物，从鱼类到胎盘哺乳动物。我们的分析揭示了某些脊椎动物物种中某些sAdams的重复和丢失。特别地，在非哺乳类脊椎动物中存在Adam 9样基因，但在哺乳动物中不存在。我们还确定了推定的组I和组II tAdams在所有的已被检查的物种。这些tAdam同源物与亚当斯9和9-like的关系比与其他s亚当斯的关系更密切。在所有研究的类人猿物种中，第二组tAdams位于Adam 9附近，因此可能是由串联重复引起的，而第一组tAdams可能是由于缺乏内含子而通过逆转录产生的。多组I型tAdams的簇也很常见，提示在易位后串联重复。因此，Adam 9/9样和一些衍生的tAdam基因座可能是串联重复和/或逆转录的优选靶点。与这一假设相一致，我们确定了一个年轻的逆转录基因，最近从Adam 9复制的负鼠。由于基因复制，一些tAdams在某些物种中被假基因化，而另一些则获得了新的表达模式和功能。亚当基因的快速复制对各种脊椎动物物种中亚当斯的多样性做出了重大贡献。
Members of the disintegrin metalloproteinase (ADAM) family have important functions in regulating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions as well as cell signaling. There are two major types of ADAMs: the somatic ADAMs (sADAMs) that have a significant presence in somatic tissues, and the testicular ADAMs (tADAMs) that are expressed predominantly in the testis. Genes encoding tADAMs can be further divided into two groups: group I (intronless) and group II (intron-containing). To date, tAdams have only been reported in placental mammals, and their evolutionary origin and relationship to sAdams remain largely unknown. Using phylogenetic and syntenic tools, we analyzed the Adam genes in various vertebrates ranging from fishes to placental mammals. Our analyses reveal duplication and loss of some sAdams in certain vertebrate species. In particular, there exists an Adam9-like gene in non-mammalian vertebrates but not mammals. We also identified putative group I and group II tAdams in all amniote species that have been examined. These tAdam homologues are more closely related to Adams 9 and 9-like than to other sAdams. In all amniote species examined, group II tAdams lie in close vicinity to Adam9 and hence likely arose from tandem duplication, whereas group I tAdams likely originated through retroposition because of their lack of introns. Clusters of multiple group I tAdams are also common, suggesting tandem duplication after retroposition. Therefore, Adam9/9-like and some of the derived tAdam loci are likely preferred targets for tandem duplication and/or retroposition. Consistent with this hypothesis, we identified a young retroposed gene that duplicated recently from Adam9 in the opossum. As a result of gene duplication, some tAdams were pseudogenized in certain species, whereas others acquired new expression patterns and functions. The rapid duplication of Adam genes has a major contribution to the diversity of ADAMs in various vertebrate species.