Cell-derived vesicles for drug therapy and diagnostics: opportunities and challenges.
Cell-derived vesicles for drug therapy and diagnostics: opportunities and challenges.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.nantod.2015.04.004
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发表时间：
2015-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
17.4
通讯作者：
Stevens MM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fuhrmann G;Herrmann IK;Stevens MM
细胞外囊泡是细胞在生理和病理条件下释放的以脂质为基础的膜结合性小实体。它们通过以高度特异的方式在本地和远距离的细胞之间转移基于核酸和蛋白质的货物，作为细胞间通信器的发现最近引起了兴奋。它们传递的信息和它们的组成可能会因来源细胞和诱发刺激的不同而不同。囊泡特征的这种敏感变化为改进病理条件的诊断带来了重大希望，包括以微创方式诊断感染和肿瘤性病变。同样，这些细胞衍生的囊泡显示出可以提高药物靶向效率的有希望的特性。由于EV的天然组成、生物学功能和选择性细胞相互作用，该领域的最新进展旨在研究EV作为新型药物载体。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了基于细胞外小泡的诊断和药物治疗的新的研究途径。我们展示了如何收集和设计细胞衍生的囊泡，以满足特定应用的设计要求。最后，我们讨论了在将基于细胞外小泡的方法转化为(预)临床应用时遇到的潜在风险。
Extracellular vesicles are small lipid-based membrane-bound entities shed by cells under both physiological and pathological conditions. Their discovery as intercellular communicators through transfer of nucleic acid- and protein-based cargos between cells locally and at distance in a highly specific manner has created recent excitement. The information they transport and their composition may vary depending on the cell of origin as well as the eliciting stimulus. Such sensitive changes in vesicle characteristics hold significant promise for the improved diagnosis of pathological conditions, including infections and neoplastic lesions in a minimally invasive way. Similarly, these cell-derived vesicles exhibit promising characteristics that could enhance drug targeting efficiencies. Recent developments in the field have aimed at studying EVs as novel drug carriers due to their natural composition, biological function and selective cell interaction. In this review, we discuss new research avenues in diagnostics and drug therapy based on extracellular vesicles. We show how cell-derived vesicles can be harvested and engineered to meet application-specific design requirements. We finally discuss potential risks encountered when translating extracellular vesicle based approaches into (pre)clinical applications.