Habitat disturbance alters color contrast and the detectability of cryptic and aposematic frogs
Habitat disturbance alters color contrast and the detectability of cryptic and aposematic frogs
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DOI：
10.1093/beheco/arab032
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发表时间：
2021-05-21
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Green, David M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barnett, James B.;Varela, Brandon J.;Green, David M.
动物使用颜色来隐藏和表示它们的存在，其图案与背景相匹配，破坏形状识别，或突出对交流重要的特征。这些颜色模式的形式是对观察它们的视觉系统和观察它们的环境的反应。然而，这些环境正日益受到人类活动的影响。我们研究了如何模式特征和栖息地的变化可能会影响三个青蛙的颜色模式在巴拿马博卡斯德尔托罗群岛的可检测性：米色条纹棕色Allobates talamancae和两个斑点变种的Oophaga pumilio，黑点绿色和黑点红色。为了评估可检测性，我们使用了同种和潜在捕食者的视觉建模，沿着了一个基于计算机的人类参与者检测实验。虽然我们没有发现破坏性伪装的证据，但我们确实发现了明显的证据，表明A。talamancae条纹本质上比O更神秘。pumilio斑点无论颜色。我们没有发现O. pumilio与自然地点之间森林地面的差异有关。然而，我们确实发现了强有力的证据，人类干扰影响视觉环境，并修改绝对和排名顺序青蛙检测。人类引起的环境变化降低了A. talamancae，降低了黑斑绿色O. pumilio，并增加色彩对比度，但不检测，在黑点红O。pumilio。由于捕食者可能会了解猎物的防御，并根据相对猎物的可用性和适合性做出觅食决定，这种变化可能对捕食者-猎物动力学产生更广泛的影响。
Animals use color both to conceal and signal their presence, with patterns that match the background, disrupt shape recognition, or highlight features important for communication. The forms that these color patterns take are responses to the visual systems that observe them and the environments within which they are viewed. Increasingly, however, these environments are being affected by human activity. We studied how pattern characteristics and habitat change may affect the detectability of three frog color patterns from the Bocas del Toro archipelago in Panama: Beige-Striped Brown Allobates talamancae and two spotted morphs of Oophaga pumilio, Black-Spotted Green and Black-Spotted Red. To assess detectability, we used visual modeling of conspecifics and potential predators, along with a computer-based detection experiment with human participants. Although we found no evidence for disruptive camouflage, we did find clear evidence that A. talamancae stripes are inherently more cryptic than O. pumilio spots regardless of color. We found no evidence that color pattern polytypism in O. pumilio is related to differences in the forest floor between natural sites. We did, however, find strong evidence that human disturbance affects the visual environment and modifies absolute and rank order frog detectability. Human-induced environmental change reduces the effectiveness of camouflage in A. talamancae, reduces detectability of Black-Spotted Green O. pumilio, and increases chromatic contrast, but not detectability, in Black-Spotted Red O. pumilio. Insofar as predators may learn about prey defenses and make foraging decisions based on relative prey availability and suitability, such changes may have wider implications for predator-prey dynamics.