Seed losses in commercial harvesting of oilseed rape
Seed losses in commercial harvesting of oilseed rape
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DOI：
10.1006/jaer.1996.0091
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发表时间：
1996-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bruce, DM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Price, JS;Hobson, RN;Bruce, DM
由于自然脱落和收获机械对作物的干扰，油菜的种子损失很大。对春播和冬播油菜进行了测量，以确定现成作物和成熟作物的自然脱落以及直接收获作物和包裹作物的机器操作造成的损失量。没有测量联合收割机脱粒和分离的损失。一项随机区试验比较了在推荐的农艺成熟期和以后收获时直接收获和覆盖作物的损失。对成熟作物和收获过程造成的损失样本进行了测量。放置在现成作物和成熟带下的托盘收集自然发生的损失。放在作物中的托盘放在工作机械下面，通过直接切割、包裹和通过底切或使用Draper(铁皮传送带)拾取来获得损失。在直接切割和包扎过程中，精选位置的一组组托盘收集从侧刀、切割器和收割头中心区域脱落的种子，然后进入电梯或形成包扎。在推荐和后期的直割中，冬油菜的总损失约为11%，其中4.7%~6.4%来自自然剥离。覆膜作物损失在10.7%~24.8%之间，自然脱落损失小得多，为0~1.8%，是后期覆膜作业造成的最大损失。春油菜直播损失1.7%~4.9%，自然脱落损失1.2%~2.0%，覆膜作物损失2.6%~4.6%，自然脱落损失为0~0.9%，推荐的采收时机损失最小。(C)1996年西尔索研究所
Significant seed losses occur in oilseed rape due to natural shedding and crop disturbance by harvesting machinery. Measurements were made in spring and winter sown rape to determine amounts lost by natural shedding from standing crop and ripening swaths and from the machine operations for a direct cut crop and a swathed crop. Combine threshing and separation losses were not measured.A randomized plot experiment compared losses from a direct cut and a swathed crop when harvested at the recommended agronomic stage of maturity and at a later date. Samples of losses occurring from ripening crop and as a result of the harvesting process were measured. Trays placed in the standing crop and beneath ripening swaths collected naturally occurring losses. Trays placed in the crop beneath working machines collected losses from direct cutting, swathing and picking up by swaths by undercutting or the use of a draper (tined conveyor) pick-up. During direct cutting and swathing, groups of trays in carefully selected locations collected seed shed by the side knife, cutterbar and central area of the headers where crop is brought together before entering the elevator or forming the swath.Overall losses in winter rape were around 11% for direct cutting at both recommended and late timings, of which 4.7% to 6.4% were from natural shedding. In the swathed crop, losses ranged from 10.7% to 24.8%, with much lower natural shedding losses of zero to 1.8%, the highest losses resulting from the late swathing operation. Overall losses in spring rape were 1.7% to 4.9% for direct cutting with natural shedding losses of 1.2% to 2.0% and overall losses of 2.6% to 4.6% for the swathed crop, with natural shedding losses of zero to 0.9%, the recommended timing giving the lowest losses. (C) 1996 Silsoe Research Institute