Use of stone hammer tools and anvils by bearded capuchin monkeys over time and space: construction of an archeological record of tool use
Use of stone hammer tools and anvils by bearded capuchin monkeys over time and space: construction of an archeological record of tool use
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jas.2013.03.021
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发表时间：
2013-08-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Fragaszy, Dorothy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Elisabetta, Visalberghi;Haslam, Michael;Fragaszy, Dorothy
生活在巴西塞拉多（季节性干燥的大草原地区）的野生胡须卷尾猴（Sapajus libidinosus）经常用石头作为锤子，在水平表面（砧）上敲开几种棕榈坚果和其他坚硬的包裹水果和种子。在我们的现场，他们的坚果开裂活动留下了持久的诊断物理遗迹：砧表面上独特的浅凹陷（坑），以及砧上或砧旁的破裂外壳和石锤。在36个月的时间里，我们的研究地点对58个砧座使用的拆卸工具的物理遗骸进行了每月一次的调查，结果显示重复使用、季节一致性、时间变化、拆卸规模模式、新锤子的出现以及现有锤子向新砧座地点的运输。在调查中收集的工具使用的时间和空间模式的人工证据与在该研究中心同时直接观察到的猴子使用和运输工具相一致。贝壳碎片在地面上可以存活数年，这表明它们也可能存在于铁砧遗址周围的地层中。胡须卷尾猴提供了一个机会，研究建设的扩张工具网站适合考古调查同时负责这些网站的建设行为。我们提出了几条线的调查卷尾猴创建的工具网站，可能是有用的，以解释考古学证据的早期人类使用的工具。考古学家应该意识到，搬运的石材和人造的耐用景观特征可能是非人类动物活动的结果。(c)2013由Elsevier Ltd.出版
Wild bearded capuchins (Sapajus libidinosus) in the cerrado (seasonally dry savannah-like region) of Brazil routinely crack open several species of palm nuts and other hard encased fruits and seeds on level surfaces (anvils) using stones as hammers. At our field site, their nut cracking activity leaves enduring diagnostic physical remains: distinctive shallow depressions (pits) on the surface of the anvil, and cracked shells and stone hammer(s) on or next to the anvil. A monthly survey of the physical remains of percussive tool use at 58 anvils in our study site over a 36-month period revealed repeated use, seasonal consistency, temporal variation, landscape-scale patterning, appearance of new hammers and transport of existing hammers to new anvil sites. Artefactual evidence of the temporal and spatial pattern of tool use collected in the survey is in correspondence with concurrent direct observation of monkeys using and transporting tools at this site. Shell fragments endure for years above ground, suggesting that they may also endure in the strata around anvil sites. The bearded capuchins provide an opportunity to study the construction of percussive tool sites suitable for archeological investigation concurrently with the behavior responsible for the construction of these sites. We suggest several lines of inquiry into tool sites created by capuchin monkeys that may be useful to interpret the archeological evidence of percussive tool use in early humans. Archeologists should be aware that transported stone materials and artificial durable landscape features may be the result of activity by non-human animals. (c) 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd.