Frenetic, Underchallenged, and Worn-Out: Validation of the German "Burnout Clinical Subtypes Questionnaire"-Student Survey and Exploration of Three Burnout Risk Groups in University Students
Frenetic, Underchallenged, and Worn-Out: Validation of the German "Burnout Clinical Subtypes Questionnaire"-Student Survey and Exploration of Three Burnout Risk Groups in University Students
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DOI：
10.3389/feduc.2019.00137
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发表时间：
2019-11-26
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Weiss, Elisabeth M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bauernhofer, Kathrin;Tanzer, Norbert;Weiss, Elisabeth M.
在关于倦怠的病因学、病因学和危险因素的研究结果不一致的背景下，Farber（1990）提出了三种不同的倦怠亚型：狂热型、挑战不足型和疲惫型。Montero-Marin等人（2011 b）将类型学扩展到学术环境，并开发了倦怠临床亚型学生调查（BCSQ-12-SS），以检查是否有三个与类型学一致的倦怠风险组也存在于大学生中。然而，由于描述不同风险群体的BCSQ-12-SS分量表之间存在适度重叠，目前尚不清楚是否确实可以在大学生中区分三个倦怠风险群体。此外，BCSQ-12-SS目前没有德语版，限制了在不同学生群体中检查类型学的可能性。因此，本研究的目的是验证BCSQ-12-SS为德语大学生，并调查是否有三个倦怠的风险组-狂热，挑战不足，和破旧-可以确定在学生中使用以人为本的方法。总体而言，404名德语大学生被招募并填写了几份在线问卷，包括Maslach倦怠量表学生调查（MBI-SS）和BCSQ-12-SS，该问卷被翻译成德语用于本研究。德国的BCSQ-12-SS具有良好的心理测量学特性。潜在的配置文件分析（LPA）与BCSQ-12-SS区分三个倦怠的风险群体：狂热，挑战不足，和破旧的学生，从而轻度和严重破旧的学生可以区分。此外，还出现了一批健康敬业的学生。各组在倦怠症状、抑郁情绪、工作量、学习投入和学术资源方面存在差异。此外，倦怠风险群体也可以区分在一个子样本的学生（n = 150）谁是特别容易发展倦怠，因为他们都是中度到高度强调。使用MBI-SS的LPA导致了与健康的参与，狂热和严重磨损的轮廓相似的轮廓。然而，一个不足的配置文件，只有发现与BCSQ-12-SS，这表明该问卷是特别有用的，以检测一个额外的倦怠风险组，已被广泛忽视的学生倦怠研究到目前为止。两者合计，本研究观察到三个倦怠风险组在德语大学生：狂热，挑战不足，和破旧。
Against the background of inconsistent findings regarding the symptomatology, etiology, and risk factors of burnout, Farber (1990) proposed three different burnout subtypes: frenetic, underchallenged, and worn-out. Montero-Marin et al. (2011b) expanded the typology to the academic context and developed the Burnout Clinical Subtypes Questionnaire-Student Survey (BCSQ-12-SS) to examine whether three burnout risk groups, that are in line with the typology, exist in university students as well. However, due to a moderate overlap between the BCSQ-12-SS subscales describing different risk groups, it has remained unclear whether three burnout risk groups can indeed be distinguished in university students. Moreover, the BCSQ-12-SS is currently not available in German, limiting the possibility to examine the typology in different student populations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to validate the BCSQ-12-SS for German speaking university students and to investigate whether three burnout risk groups-frenetic, underchallenged, and worn-out-can be identified in students using a person-oriented approach. Overall, 404 German speaking university students were recruited and filled in several online questionnaires, including the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS) and the BCSQ-12-SS that was translated to German for the purpose of this study. The German BCSQ-12-SS had good psychometric properties. Latent profile analysis (LPA) with the BCSQ-12-SS distinguished three burnout risk groups: frenetic, underchallenged, and worn-out students, whereby mildly and severely worn-out students could be differentiated. Additionally, a group with healthy engaged students emerged. The groups differed in burnout symptoms, feelings of depression, workload, study engagement, and academic resources. Furthermore, the burnout risk groups could also be distinguished in a subsample of students (n = 150) who are particularly vulnerable to develop burnout because they were all moderately to highly stressed. LPA with the MBI-SS resulted in profiles similar to the healthy engaged, frenetic and severely worn-out profile. However, an underchallenged profile was only discovered with the BCSQ-12-SS, indicating that this questionnaire is particularly useful to detect an additional burnout risk group that has widely been overlooked in student burnout research so far. Taken together, this study observed three burnout risk groups in German speaking university students: frenetic, underchallenged, and worn-out.