Contrasting local and regional Holocene histories of Abies alba in the Czech Republic in relation to human impact: Evidence from forestry, pollen and anthracological data
Contrasting local and regional Holocene histories of Abies alba in the Czech Republic in relation to human impact: Evidence from forestry, pollen and anthracological data
复制标题
DOI：
10.1177/0959683610385721
复制
发表时间：
2011-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Kocarova, Romana
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kozakova, Radka;Samonil, Pavel;Kocarova, Romana
在最后一次冰期后，大约公元前4000年，银冷杉（Abies alba Mill.）传播到了现在的捷克共和国这种传播不仅限于高山，也发生在高地和低地景观中。从公元1500年左右的历史林业记录提到了大规模扩张的冷杉，有利于森林放牧，垃圾耙和选择性的树木砍伐。根据目前对这些历史记录的解释，捷克森林的这种扩张是广泛的，一直持续到公元1800年。另一方面，大多数来自阿尔卑斯山的花粉数据认为银冷杉是一个对人类影响极其敏感的物种。在本文中，我们将历史林业报告与捷克共和国的花粉和木炭数据进行了比较。花粉和木炭记录表明，冷杉在青铜时代（公元前2200-800/750）和铁器时代（公元前800/750-公元0）达到了最大值。虽然木炭记录表明，银冷杉木材是重要的，也在中世纪，花粉数据表明，中世纪和现代的时期，冷杉普遍下降。我们的数据表明，历史记录中记载的银冷杉的扩张不是普遍的，而是零散的，可能是根据实际形式和人类影响的强度，以及环境条件。这些历史记录为冷杉更广泛的生态耐受性提供了许多证据。
After the last glaciation, around 4000 bc, silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) spread to the area that is now the Czech Republic. This spread was not restricted to high mountains, but also took place across both highland and lowland landscapes. Historical forestry records from around AD 1500 mention a massive expansion of Abies alba, favoured by forest pasturing, litter raking and selective tree cutting. According to the current interpretation of these historical records, this expansion in Czech forests was extensive and lasted until AD 1800. On the other hand, pollen data coming mostly from the Alps consider silver fir as a species that is extremely sensitive to human impact. In this paper, we compare historical forestry reports with pollen and charcoal data from the Czech Republic. Both pollen and charcoal records show that Abies alba reached its maximum during the Bronze (2200-800/750 BC) and Iron Ages (800/750 BC-AD 0). While charcoal records indicate that silver fir wood was important also during the High Medieval, pollen data show that the High Medieval and Modern times were periods of a general decline in Abies. Our data suggest that the expansion of silver fir documented by historical records was not general but rather fragmented, probably according to actual form and the intensity of human impact, as well as environmental conditions. These historical records have contributed much evidence regarding the wider ecological tolerance of Abies.