Immunotherapy for superficial bladder cancer. A developmental and clinical overview.
Immunotherapy for superficial bladder cancer. A developmental and clinical overview.
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浅表性膀胱癌的免疫治疗。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1992
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Nickel Jc
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Alvaro Morales;Nickel Jc
浅表性膀胱癌是为数不多的实体性人类恶性肿瘤之一，其中免疫治疗已被证明是有效的。卡介苗是为这种创新方法打开大门的疫苗。在一个生物技术取得显著成就的时代，肿瘤免疫学的这种倒退到石器时代的现象还没有被一种更有效（或同样有效）的替代品所取代，这确实令人惊讶。潜在的候选人已经出现，值得进行全面评价。它们不仅必须表明它们没有显著的不良反应，而且毫无疑问，它们具有上级抗菌活性。更值得注意的是，一种仍在使用的最古老的疫苗可能会作为一种有效的免疫剂出现在一个新的角色中。卡介苗已被证明具有治疗人类疾病的神奇功效。它对结核病的保护作用是众所周知的，它对癌症治疗的贡献也是众所周知的。最近出现了一个新的和不断增加的剧目：两个独立的研究小组已经成功地利用疫苗作为载体表达来自其他病原体的抗原编码基因。这些最新研究的令人兴奋的方面在于证明了改变的疫苗能够诱导对重组抗原（包括人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV））的体液和细胞介导的免疫应答。因此，BCG再次吸引了科学界的巨大兴趣，因为它的多功能性和作为治疗剂的潜力。
Superficial bladder cancer is one of the few solid human malignancies in which immunotherapy has been proved to be effective. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin was the vaccine which opened the door for this innovative approach. In an era of remarkable achievements in biotechnology, it is truly amazing that this throwback to the Stone Age of tumor immunology has not yet been replaced by a more (or equally) effective substitute. Potential candidates are already on the horizon and deserve a comprehensive evaluation. They must show not only that they are devoid of significant adverse effects but that they possess, beyond a doubt, superior antineoplastic activity. Even more remarkable is that one of the oldest vaccines still in use could emerge in a new role as an effective antineoplastic agent. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin has demonstrated an uncanny capacity for effectiveness as therapy for human diseases. Its protective effect against tuberculosis is well recognized, and its contribution to cancer therapy is widely known. A new and increasing repertoire has recently been presented: two separate groups of researchers have employed the vaccine successfully as a vehicle to express antigen-encoded genes from other pathogens. The exciting aspect of these recent studies resides in the demonstration that the altered vaccine is able to induce humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to the recombinant antigens, including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Thus, BCG once more attracts enormous interest from the scientific community for its versatility and potential as a therapeutic agent.