Developing Miscanthus seed plug establishment protocols with mulch film for commercial upscaling
Developing Miscanthus seed plug establishment protocols with mulch film for commercial upscaling
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/gcbb.13044
复制
发表时间：
2023-02
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Chris Ashman;Danny Awty‐Carroll;Michal Mos;Jason Kam;S. Guerrini;Simon Calder;J. Clifton‐Brown
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chris Ashman;Danny Awty‐Carroll;Michal Mos;Jason Kam;S. Guerrini;Simon Calder;J. Clifton‐Brown
在热带气候中产生的具有C4光合作用的高产作物正在为温带气候培育，并越来越多地在温带气候中种植。芒属（Miscanthus），一种来自东亚的C4，是主要的多年生生物质作物，但商业部署受到北方欧洲低温、低克隆增殖率和缓慢建立率的限制，需要长达4年才能达到成熟产量。虽然新播种的杂交种具有>2000的繁殖率，但直接田间播种已被证明是不切实际的。安全建立种子杂交种的方案要求在温室中在堆肥填充的模块（也称为“插塞”）中培育幼苗，这些模块在春天移植到田间。为了保护幼苗免受晚霜、干旱和放牧的损害，并提高温度刺激生长速率，用专为玉米设计的氧代可降解塑料地膜覆盖穴盘植物。在英国的两个地点，这种覆盖膜显着减少了移植和越冬时的植株损失，增加了茎高和芽数，并将成熟产量的时间从4年缩短到3年（p < 0.01）。然而，氧化降解地膜的分解产物会导致土壤中的微塑料。因此，进一步的地膜实验是用生物衍生的塑料进行的，这些塑料在土壤中可生物降解，挤出厚度为10、18和30微米。10微米的薄膜具有足够的强度，可用于机器铺设，并且在去风险设施中与氧可降解薄膜一样有效。将覆盖1行而不是2行的覆盖膜宽度减半，减少了25%的塑料量。商业插件到字段协议建立在多年和地点的小区实验和田间规模种植的结果基础上，并为将来扩大基于种子的芒草杂交种的生物质生产做好了准备。
High‐yielding crops with C4 photosynthesis arising in tropical climates are being bred for, and increasingly grown in, temperate climates. Miscanthus, a C4 from Eastern Asia is a leading perennial biomass crop, but commercial deployment is limited by low temperatures in Northern Europe, low clonal multiplication rates and slow establishment rates requiring up to 4 years to reach mature yields. While new seeded hybrids have multiplication rates >2000, direct field sown seed has proven impractical. Protocols for safe establishment of seeded hybrids require that seedlings are raised in the glasshouse in compost filled modules (also known as ‘plugs’) which are transplanted into the field in springtime. To protect seedlings from damage from late frosts, drought and grazing and to increase temperature stimulating growth rates, plug plants were covered with oxo‐degradable plastic mulch film designed for maize. At two sites in the UK, this mulch film significantly reduced plant losses at transplanting and overwintering, increased stem heights and shoot counts, and reduced the time to mature yield from 4 to 3 years (p < 0.01). However, the breakdown products of oxo‐degradable mulch films contribute to microplastics in the soil. Therefore, further mulch film experiments were conducted with bio‐derived plastics which are bio‐degradable in soil at extruded thicknesses of 10, 18 and 30 microns. The 10 micron film combined sufficient strength for machine laying and worked as well as oxo‐degradable film on de‐risking establishment. Halving the mulch film widths covering 1 row rather than 2 reduced the amount of plastic by 25%. Commercial plug‐to‐field protocols are built on results from the plot experiments and field‐scale plantings over multiple years and locations and are ready for future upscaling of biomass production from seed‐based Miscanthus hybrids.