Phosphorus Chemistry in the Earth's Upper Atmosphere

Phosphorus Chemistry in the Earth's Upper Atmosphere
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地球高层大气中的磷化学

DOI:
10.1002/essoar.10507675.1
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
--
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Plane J
Plane J
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Plane J

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进入地球大气层的行星际尘埃颗粒对磷的烧蚀是这种关键生物元素的潜在重要来源。在这项研究中,通过发展一个可能的反应网络,从上中间层/下热层区域的主要烧蚀产物PO到稳定的储存库H3PO3和H3PO4,它们分别以金属亚磷酸盐和磷酸盐的形式并入大气烟雾粒子(MSP),从而探索了磷的大气化学。该网络由已通过实验测量了其动力学的反应以及其中使用电子结构理论计算和莱斯-拉姆斯佩格-卡塞尔-马库斯主方程处理相结合来估计理论速率系数的反应构成。然后,该网络被并入全球化学-气候模式,以及磷陨石输入功能。以亚微米级MSP形式估计的全球平均磷沉积通量为1×10−8g/m−2yr−1,在落基山脉北部、喜马拉雅山脉和南部安第斯山脉上空最大∼为5×10−8g/m−2yr−1。据估计,形成生物可用金属亚磷酸盐的烧蚀磷的比例为11%,这是因为与中间层上层的OH相比,O和H的浓度非常高。据预测,在90公里处将出现一层OPO,峰值浓度为∼50 cm−3;这是与众所周知的陨石金属层(如Na和Fe)相对应的,可能在光谱上可以观察到。
The ablation of phosphorus from interplanetary dust particles entering the Earth's atmosphere is a potentially significant source of this key bioelement. In this study, the atmospheric chemistry of phosphorus is explored by developing a reaction network of possible routes from PO, the major ablation product in the upper mesosphere/lower thermosphere region, to the stable reservoirs H3PO3and H3PO4that become incorporated into meteoric smoke particles (MSPs) as metal phosphites and phosphates, respectively. The network is constructed with reactions whose kinetics have been measured experimentally, together with reactions where theoretical rate coefficients are estimated using a combination of electronic structure theory calculations and a Rice‐Ramsperger‐Kassel‐Markus master equation treatment. The network is then incorporated into a global chemistry‐climate model, together with a phosphorus meteoric input function. The estimated global mean P deposition flux, in the form of submicron‐sized MSPs, is 1 × 10−8g m−2yr−1, with a maximum of ∼5 × 10−8g m−2yr−1over the northern Rockies, Himalayas, and southern Andes. The estimated fraction of ablated phosphorus forming bioavailable metal phosphites is 11%, which results from the very large concentrations of O and H compared to OH in the upper mesosphere. A layer of OPO is predicted to occur at 90 km with a peak of concentration of ∼50 cm−3; this is the counterpart of the well‐known layers of meteoric metals such as Na and Fe, and may be observable spectroscopically.
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