Ongoing behavioral state information signaled in the lateral habenula guides choice flexibility in freely moving rats.
Ongoing behavioral state information signaled in the lateral habenula guides choice flexibility in freely moving rats.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00295
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Mizumori SJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baker PM;Oh SE;Kidder KS;Mizumori SJ
侧链（LHb）在各种各样的行为中发挥作用，从产妇护理到睡眠，再到各种形式的认知。一个有充分证据支持的突出理论是，LHb将基底节区和边缘区有关负面结果的信号传递给中脑单胺能系统。这使得LHb很可能在行为灵活性中起关键作用，因为所有这些系统都被证明在需要灵活行为时起作用。行为灵活性通常是跨物种研究的，在各种神经精神疾病中受损，包括自闭症、抑郁症、成瘾和精神分裂症；LHb被认为在其中起作用。因此，对LHb在行为灵活性中的作用的彻底研究具有多种功能，包括理解与神经精神疾病的可能联系，以及对其在一般认知中的作用的进一步了解。在这里，我们通过比较LHb的传入和传出通路所起的作用来评估LHb在行为灵活性中的作用。此外，我们提供了新的证据，支持LHb通过在认知要求条件下组织特定目标导向的行动来促进行为灵活性。具体来说，在第一个实验中，从LHb记录的大多数神经元被发现与空间导航任务中的速度相关，并且在操纵奖励结果时没有显着变化。此外，theta波段的局部场电位（LFP）测量显示，相对于速度和奖励位置，功率发生了显著变化。在第二组实验中，γ -氨基丁酸（GABA）激动剂巴氯芬和muscimol使LHb失活导致基于空间/反应的重复概率逆转学习任务受损。对照实验表明，这种损伤可能是由于重复转换行为的要求，因为大鼠在初始辨别习得或概率学习的保留上没有受到损害。综上所述，这些新发现与其他研究成果相辅相成，支持LHb在认知或情感需求增加时在行动选择中的作用。最后，我们讨论了未来的机制，通过对行为灵活性任务的额外检查，可以获得对LHb的更好理解。
The lateral habenula (LHb) plays a role in a wide variety of behaviors ranging from maternal care, to sleep, to various forms of cognition. One prominent theory with ample supporting evidence is that the LHb serves to relay basal ganglia and limbic signals about negative outcomes to midbrain monoaminergic systems. This makes it likely that the LHb is critically involved in behavioral flexibility as all of these systems have been shown to contribute when flexible behavior is required. Behavioral flexibility is commonly examined across species and is impaired in various neuropsychiatric conditions including autism, depression, addiction, and schizophrenia; conditions in which the LHb is thought to play a role. Therefore, a thorough examination of the role of the LHb in behavioral flexibility serves multiple functions including understanding possible connections with neuropsychiatric illnesses and additional insight into its role in cognition in general. Here, we assess the LHb’s role in behavioral flexibility through comparisons of the roles its afferent and efferent pathways are known to play. Additionally, we provide new evidence supporting the LHb contributions to behavioral flexibility through organization of specific goal directed actions under cognitively demanding conditions. Specifically, in the first experiment, a majority of neurons recorded from the LHb were found to correlate with velocity on a spatial navigation task and did not change significantly when reward outcomes were manipulated. Additionally, measurements of local field potential (LFP) in the theta band revealed significant changes in power relative to velocity and reward location. In a second set of experiments, inactivation of the LHb with the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonists baclofen and muscimol led to an impairment in a spatial/response based repeated probabilistic reversal learning task. Control experiments revealed that this impairment was likely due to the demands of repeated switching behaviors as rats were unimpaired on initial discrimination acquisition or retention of probabilistic learning. Taken together, these novel findings compliment other work discussed supporting a role for the LHb in action selection when cognitive or emotional demands are increased. Finally, we discuss future mechanisms by which a superior understanding of the LHb can be obtained through additional examination of behavioral flexibility tasks.