Performance Surfaces and Adaptive Landscapes1
Performance Surfaces and Adaptive Landscapes1
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表演场地和适应性景观1
DOI：
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发表时间：
2003
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
S. J. Arnold
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. J. Arnold
摘要 在早期对形态、性能和适应性之间关系的描述中，我只关注方向选择（Arnold，1983）。本文的目的是将这种表征扩展到包括稳定和其他形式的非线性选择。与之前的表征一样，这种对形态-表现-健身关系的更一般性描述将实证分析分为两个部分：形态与表现之间关系的研究，以及表现与健身之间关系的研究。从概念的角度来看，我的目标是明确绩效研究与适应性景观的关系。我首先回顾了适应性景观的概念及其在进化生物学中的重要性。该综述提出的一个中心点是，可以通过测量选择对表型性状的均值、方差和协方差的影响来估计适应性景观的关键描述符。这些描述符可以通过对选择表面进行二次（回归）近似来估计，该选择表面描述了个体的表型特征与其适应度之间的关系。形态对性能影响的分析遵循类似的过程：对个体性能表面进行二次近似，然后使用该近似来求解性能景观的描述符。最后，我讨论了性能和适应性景观的演变。生物力学合理性的一种可能性是，性能景观沿着阻力最小的性能线发展。
Abstract In an earlier characterization of the relationship between morphology, performance and fitness, I focused only on directional selection (Arnold, 1983). The aim of this article is to extend that characterization to include stabilizing and other forms of nonlinear selection. As in the earlier characterization, this more general description of the morphology-performance-fitness relationship splits empirical analysis into two parts: the study of the relationship between morpholgy and performance, and the study of the relationship between performance and fitness. From a conceptual standpoint, my goal is to specify the relationship of performance studies to the adaptive landscape. I begin by reviewing the adaptive landscape concept and its importance in evolutionary biology. A central point emerging from that review is that that key descriptors of the adaptive landscape can be estimated by measuring the impact of selection on the means, variances and covariances of phenotypic traits. Those descriptors can be estimated by making a quadratic (regression) approximation to the selection surface that describes the relationship between the phenotypic traits of individuals and their fitness. Analysis of the effects of morphology on performance follows an analogous procedure: making a quadratic approximation to the individual performance surface and then using that approximation to solve for the descriptors of the performance landscape. I conclude by discussing the evolution of performance and adaptive landscapes. One possibility with biomechanical justification is that the performance landscape evolves along performance lines of least resistance.