Drivers of animal migration and implications in changing environments
Drivers of animal migration and implications in changing environments
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动物迁徙的驱动因素及其对环境变化的影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Allison K. Shaw
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Allison K. Shaw
移栖物种广泛分布于陆地、水生和空中环境，在生态和经济上都很重要。由于迁移是对特定条件的适应性反应，环境变化（气候或其他）可能会改变对迁移行为的选择压力。这种变化也可能干扰或破坏物种的迁移能力。在这两种情况下，环境变化可能会导致减少或完全丧失迁移，但我们几乎不知道什么时候会发生这些结果。在这里，我认为，如果我们要预测在不断变化的环境条件下迁移的命运，需要了解迁移的近端和最终驱动力。我回顾了目前已知的关于动物迁徙的驱动因素，但表明我们还需要更完整地综合不同生态系统和分类群体的迁徙模式。目前对迁徙的理解表明：（1）迁徙的驱动因素因物种和生态系统而异;（2）物种成功适应环境变化的能力部分取决于其迁徙驱动因素。总之，这些发现为研究和预测不断变化的环境条件将如何按分类组和世界地理区域对物种产生不同影响提供了一条前进的道路。
Migratory species are widespread in terrestrial, aquatic and aerial environments, and are important both ecologically and economically. Since migration is an adaptive response to particular conditions, environmental changes (climate or otherwise) will potentially alter the selective pressures on movement behavior. Such changes may also interfere with, or disrupt, a species’ ability to migrate. In either case, environmental changes could lead to the reduction or total loss of a migration, yet we have little understanding of when to expect these outcomes to occur. Here, I argue that an understanding of both the proximate and ultimate drivers of migration is needed if we are to predict the fate of migrations under changing environmental conditions. I review what is currently known about the drivers of animal migration, but show that we also need a more complete synthesis of migratory patterns across diverse ecosystems and taxonomic groups. The current understanding of migration indicates that (1) drivers of migration vary across species and ecosystems, and (2) a species’ ability to adapt to environmental change successfully depends in part on its migration drivers. Together, these findings suggest a way forward for studying and generating predictions of how changing environmental conditions will differentially impact species by taxonomic group and geographic region of the world.