Ion transport phenomena in electrode materials
Ion transport phenomena in electrode materials
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电极材料中的离子输运现象
DOI：
10.1063/5.0138282
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发表时间：
2023-06
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Jing Wen;Xinzhi Ma;Lu Li;Xitian Zhang;Bin Wang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jing Wen;Xinzhi Ma;Lu Li;Xitian Zhang;Bin Wang
由于需求的不断增加，基于电极材料的高功率、高倍率储能器件引起了极大的关注。然而，在改善离子扩散的浓度依赖性动力学并了解随颗粒形态和扫描速率变化的相变、界面反应和电容行为方面，仍有待解决的挑战。了解电极材料中离子传输的微观起源很有价值。在这篇综述中，我们通过比较数十种经过充分研究的过渡金属氧化物、硫化物和磷酸盐以及阳极材料（包括几种碳物质和碳化物），讨论了阴极材料中的微观输运现象及其对离子浓度的依赖性。我们基于充分研究的系统，从现象学的角度概括了微观离子传输过程的动力学效应。对离子扩散的主要动力学效应随离子浓度的变化而变化，并且证明了受颗粒尺寸和边界影响的路径和形态相关的扩散和电容行为。讨论了相变、转移电子和水分子对离子传输的重要动力学影响。研究结果有望揭示充电/放电速率的微观限制因素，以开发新的插层和转化反应系统。
Because of the increasing demand, high-power, high-rate energy storage devices based on electrode materials have attracted immense attention. However, challenges remain to be addressed to improve the concentration-dependent kinetics of ionic diffusion and understand phase transformation, interfacial reactions, and capacitive behaviors that vary with particle morphology and scanning rates. It is valuable to understand the microscopic origins of ion transport in electrode materials. In this review, we discuss the microscopic transport phenomena and their dependence on ion concentration in the cathode materials, by comparing dozens of well-studied transition metal oxides, sulfides, and phosphates, and in the anode materials, including several carbon species and carbides. We generalize the kinetic effects on the microscopic ionic transport processes from the phenomenological points of view based on the well-studied systems. The dominant kinetic effects on ion diffusion varied with ion concentration, and the pathway- and morphology-dependent diffusion and capacitive behaviors affected by the sizes and boundaries of particles are demonstrated. The important kinetic effects on ion transport by phase transformation, transferred electrons, and water molecules are discussed. The results are expected to shed light on the microscopic limiting factors of charging/discharging rates for developing new intercalation and conversion reaction systems.