Levels of community participation and satisfaction with decentralized wildlife management in Idodi-Pawaga Wildlife Management Area, Tanzania
Levels of community participation and satisfaction with decentralized wildlife management in Idodi-Pawaga Wildlife Management Area, Tanzania
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坦桑尼亚伊多迪-帕瓦加野生动物管理区的社区参与程度和对分散野生动物管理的满意度
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
L. Martz
中科院分区：
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作者：
W. Kiwango;H. Komakech;T. Tarimo;L. Martz
参与式保护方法被认为是旧的“堡垒保护”方法的一种看似合理的替代方法。在过去三十年里，发展中国家在设计和实施这些办法时，倾向于通过分散的治理机制接受社区参与。然而，在维持社区生计的同时保护生物多样性的可持续保护方法在实现这两个目标方面面临挑战。在应对这一挑战时，很少注意对社区如何参与这一方法的设计和实施的满意度进行实证分析。在这篇文章中，我们使用定量和定性数据的混合方法来检查坦桑尼亚西南部Idodi-Pawaga野生动物管理区(WMA)当地社区的满意度和参与度。我们发现，社会经济因素(如年龄、家庭规模、性别、在同一地点居住的年数和参与/不参与)以不同的方式影响社区对WMA创建的参与满意度。由于参与不足，我们发现WMA的设计和实施过程从一开始就没有积极地让当地社区参与，这导致几乎没有从野生动物保护中获得承诺的经济利益。我们建议，参与应该超越简单的信息共享，从任何世界气象组织方案的开始就积极地让当地社区参与关键的规划活动。如果要实现有意义的分权治理，还必须考虑到他们对决策进程的满意程度。
ABSTRACT Participatory approaches to conservation are viewed as a plausible alternative to the old ‘fortress conservation’ approach. The design and implementation of these approaches in developing countries have tended to embrace community participation through decentralized governance mechanisms in the past three decades. However, sustainable conservation approaches that maintain community livelihoods while conserving biodiversity are challenged with meeting both objectives. In addressing this challenge, little attention has been given to an empirical analysis of community’s satisfaction levels on how they participated in the design and implementation of this approach. In this article, we use a mixed method approach using both quantitative and qualitative data to examine levels of satisfaction and participation of local communities in the Idodi-Pawaga Wildlife Management Area (WMA), south-western Tanzania. We find that social economic factors (e.g. age, household size, gender, number of years living in the same location and participation/non-participation) influence, in different ways, the satisfaction levels of community’s participation towards the WMA creation. Due to inadequate participation, we find that the WMA design and implementation process failed from the beginning to actively involve the local communities and this has resulted in the near absence of the promised economic benefits from wildlife conservation. We suggest that participation should go beyond the simple information sharing to actively engage the local communities in key planning activities from the beginning of any WMA programme. It is also important to take into consideration their levels of satisfaction with the process of decision-making if meaningful decentralized governance is to be achieved.