Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis, The Prophet of Bacteriology
Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis, The Prophet of Bacteriology
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伊格纳兹·菲利普·塞梅尔维斯 (Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis)，细菌学先知
DOI：
10.1017/s0195941700059762
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发表时间：
1983
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Skopec
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Helmut Wykticky;M. Skopec
摘要：尽管到了 1931 年，I. Ph. Semmelweis 的成就和他一生的悲剧已经在人类历史上得到了应有的地位，但西奥多·比尔罗斯 (Theodor Billroth) 的前助手、后来的传记作者亚历山大·弗兰克尔 (Alexander Frankel) 批评说，产褥热病因的发现者应该用事实而不是狂热来捍卫他的发现。例如，在塞梅尔维斯去世几年后，比尔罗斯就进行了艰苦的实验。比尔罗斯关于球菌的工作具有重要意义，甚至影响了罗伯特·科赫，尽管他的假设并没有真正预测微生物的致病性和特异性。 1847 年，塞麦尔维斯提出了他的理论；也就是说，他在产前死亡的妇女、新生儿的尸体以及他的朋友雅各布·科莱奇卡的尸检结果中观察到的病理解剖学变化在形态学和临床上都是一个实体。他将它们总结为脓毒症的概念。尽管塞麦尔维斯一直对明显的统计数据感到厌恶，并且能够通过动物实验证明他的发现，但他主要是拿起笔来强烈捍卫自己的观点。在他生前，只有临床事实证明他是对的。他死后细菌学的胜利使他不仅成为“母亲的救世主”，而且成为细菌学的和蔼祖先。
Abstract Although by 1931 I. Ph. Semmelweis' achievements and the tragedy of his life had been given their due place in the history of mankind, Alexander Fränkel, formerly Theodor Billroth's assistant and later his biographer, critically stated that the discoverer of the causes of puerperal fever should have defended his discovery with facts rather than with fanaticism. It was only a few years after Semmelweis' death, for instance, that Billroth made laborious experiments. Billroth's work on Coccobacteria had important implications and even influenced Robert Koch, although his hypotheses did not really predict the pathogenic and specific nature of microbes. In 1847 Semmelweis postulated his theory; ie, that the pathological-anatomical changes which he observed in the bodies of the women who died in childbed, in their newborn infants, and in the autopsy findings on his friend Jakob Kolletschka were an entity, morphologically and clinically. He summed them up under the concept of pyemia. Even though Semmelweis was continually abhorred by the evident statistics and would have been able to prove his discovery through animal experiments, he primarily took to the pen to defend his opinion vehemently. Only the clinical facts proved him right during his lifetime; the triumph of bacteriology which began after his death made him not only the “savior of mothers” but also a genial ancestor of bacteriology.