Novel radiation-resistant insulation systems for fusion magnets
Novel radiation-resistant insulation systems for fusion magnets
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DOI：
10.1016/s0920-3796(02)00205-3
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发表时间：
2002-11
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
P. Fabian;J. Rice;N. Munshi;K. Humer;H. Weber
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Fabian;J. Rice;N. Munshi;K. Humer;H. Weber
大型、资本密集型、超导或阻性磁体是大多数当前和计划中的聚变装置的基本组件。用于这些应用的磁体必须可靠，具有长的平均故障间隔时间，并且能够使用具有成本效益的材料和制造工艺来制造。电绝缘通常是磁体设计中的薄弱环节，因为绝缘对高辐射剂量、低温下的脆性和制造限制很敏感。电气绝缘的改进有助于提高磁体系统的性能，并实现相当大的成本降低。例如，具有更好的抗辐射能力的绝缘体将需要更少的屏蔽，从而使线圈位于更靠近辐射源的位置，从而降低对线圈的磁场要求，从而减少对磁体系统的导体和结构需求。通过这种方式，磁绝缘子性能和工艺的改进可以对整个磁体系统成本的降低产生级联效应。复合技术开发公司开发了两种新型绝缘材料，一种是基于氰酸酯化学的有机绝缘系统，另一种是可以与磁体共加工的陶瓷绝缘系统。这两种类型的系统都适用于下一步可选设备和未来聚变反应堆中预期的高辐射剂量。本文将描述当前发展中的不同材料系统、低温下的机械和电学性能以及这些材料的辐射暴露试验结果。
Large, capital-intensive, superconducting or resistive magnets are essential components of most current and planned fusion devices. Magnets for these applications must be reliable, have a long mean-time-between-failure, and be able to be manufactured using cost-effective materials and fabrication processes. Electrical insulation is often the weak link in magnet design, due to insulation sensitivity to high radiation doses, embrittlement at cryogenic temperatures, and fabrication limitations. Improvements in electrical insulation can contribute to enhanced magnet system performance and achieve considerable cost reduction. For example, an insulator with improved radiation resistance would require less shielding, thus enabling the coil to be located closer to the radiation source, resulting in a lower field requirement for the coil, and thus reducing the conductor and structural needs for the magnet systems. In this manner, improvements in magnet insulator performance and processing can have a cascading effect on overall magnet system cost reductions. Composite Technology Development, Inc. has developed two new classes of insulation materials, an organic insulation system based on cyanate ester chemistry, and a ceramic insulation system that can be co-processed with the magnet. Both types of systems are suitable for the high radiation doses anticipated in Next-Step Option devices and future fusion reactors. This paper will describe the different material systems under current development, mechanical and electrical properties at cryogenic temperatures, and results of radiation exposure tests for these materials.