Costs of occupational injuries in agriculture
Costs of occupational injuries in agriculture
复制标题
DOI：
10.1093/phr/116.3.235
复制
发表时间：
2001-05-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Schenker, MB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Leigh, JP;McCurdy, SA;Schenker, MB
客观的。本研究旨在估算 1992 年美国农业中因工伤造成的损失。方法。作者回顾了全国调查的数据，以评估致命和非致命农场伤害的发生率。针对最可靠数据集中的弱点进行了数值调整。例如，美国劳工统计局 (BLS) 年度调查对非致命伤害的估计值向上调整了 4.7 倍，以反映劳工统计局对农场伤害的低估。为了评估成本，作者使用了人力资本方法，将成本分配到医疗费用等直接类别，以及收入损失、家庭生产损失和附加福利损失等间接类别。成本数据来自医疗保健融资管理局和国家赔偿保险委员会。结果。 1992 年估计有八百四十一 (841) 人死亡和 512,539 人非致命伤害。非致命伤害包括 281,896 人导致至少一整天的工作损失。 1992 年，农业职业伤害造成的损失估计为 45.7 亿美元（范围为 31.4 亿美元至 139.9 亿美元）。按人均计算，农业造成的职业伤害成本比全国平均水平高出约 30%。直接成本估计为 16.6 亿美元，间接成本为 29.3 亿美元。结论。农场伤害的成本与丙型肝炎的成本相当。如此高的成本与用于预防和改善农场伤害的公众关注和经济资源有限形成鲜明对比。农业职业伤害是国家总体健康和医疗费用负担的一个被低估的因素。
Objective. This study was conducted to estimate the costs of job-related injuries in agriculture in the United States for 1992.Methods. The authors reviewed data from national surveys to assess the incidence of fatal and non-fatal farm injuries. Numerical adjustments were made for weaknesses in the most reliable data sets. For example, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Annual Survey estimate of non-fatal injuries is adjusted upward by a factor of 4.7 to reflect the BLS undercount of farm injuries. To assess costs, the authors used the human capital method that allocates costs to direct categories such as medical expenses, as well as indirect categories such as lost earnings, lost home production, and lost fringe benefits. Cost data were drawn from the Health Care Financing Administration and the National Council on Compensation Insurance.Results. Eight hundred forty-one (841) deaths and 512,539 non-fatal injuries are estimated for 1992. The non-fatal injuries include 281,896 that led to at least one full day of work loss. Agricultural occupational injuries cost an estimated $4.57 billion (range $3.14 billion to $13.99 billion) in 1992. On a per person basis, farming contributes roughly 30% more than the national average to occupational injury costs. Direct costs are estimated to be $1.66 billion and indirect costs, $2.93 billion.Conclusions. The costs of farm injuries are on a par with the costs of hepatitis C. This high cost is in sharp contrast to the limited public attention and economic resources devoted to prevention and amelioration of farm injuries. Agricultural occupational injuries are an underappreciated contributor to the overall national burden of health and medical costs.