From Margins to Seams: Imbrication, Inclusion, and Torque in the Aadhaar Identification Project
From Margins to Seams: Imbrication, Inclusion, and Torque in the Aadhaar Identification Project
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从边缘到接缝：Aadhaar 识别项目中的叠瓦、夹杂物和扭矩
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发表时间：
2017
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通讯作者：
S. Jackson
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作者：
Ranjit Singh;S. Jackson
边缘化和包容性问题是人机交互学术和世界影响的核心，但在目前主导该领域的二元访问模型中却被严重提及。本文以 ICTD 和基础设施研究的先前工作为基础，通过对印度基于生物识别技术的国家身份识别项目 Aadhaar 的历史和人种学研究，探讨了包容性问题。我们说明了 Aadhaar 用户注册、验证和成功部署其注册身份以参与公共分配系统 (PDS) 的能力之间的紧张关系，该系统是一项向印度穷人提供补贴粮食的政府计划。我们认为，融入 ICTD 基础设施并不是一个全有或全无的状态，而是一个持续而脆弱的过程，是在多个互连系统的接缝处（不均匀地）实现的。最后，我们表明，（有效）包容性问题不仅取决于系统的边缘（谁在，谁在外），而且还取决于贯穿和连接复杂分布式基础设施的接缝的巧妙且经常具有挑战性的谈判。
Problems of marginalization and inclusion are central to HCI scholarship and impact in the world, but are badly named in the binary models of access that currently dominate the field. Building on prior work in ICTD and infrastructure studies, this paper explores the problem of inclusion through historical and ethnographic study of Aadhaar, India's biometrics-based national identification project. We illustrate tensions between Aadhaar users' ability to register, authenticate and successfully deploy their registered identity to participate in the Public Distribution System (PDS), a government scheme that provides subsidized food grains to the Indian poor. We argue that rather than an all-or-nothing state, inclusion in ICTD infrastructures is an ongoing and fragile process, achieved (unevenly) at the seams of multiple interconnected systems. Finally, we show that questions of (effective) inclusion are determined not just at margins of a system (who is in and who is out) but also through the artful and often challenging negotiation of the seams that run through and connect complex distributed infrastructures.