Growing "Smart'? Urbanization Processes in the Pune Urban Agglomeration
Growing "Smart'? Urbanization Processes in the Pune Urban Agglomeration
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DOI：
10.3390/su9122335
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发表时间：
2017-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Kraas, Frauke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Butsch, Carsten;Kumar, Shamita;Kraas, Frauke
印度城市浦那在过去三十年中经历了快速增长和深刻的转型过程。本文根据城市可持续性的概念，评估了过去的发展和最近的结构和过程。在概述了历史发展之后，根据实证研究结果，分别讨论了可持续性的各个方面。城市的发展给浦那的土地和水资源带来了巨大的压力，改变了该地区的生态。浦那不断增长的人口对水的需求不断增加，这与不断增长的能源和水需求形成了竞争。对未来气候变化影响的评估表明，在雨季，水库的蓄水能力更经常得不到满足。此外，极端干旱年份会加剧土地利用变化对未来水资源的影响。城市的发展，特别是大量的移民也显著改变了浦那的社会结构。财富在城市中分配不均，社会不平等可以沿着沿着两条断层线观察到，即沿着沿着阶级和种姓群体。人口发展和社会经济两极分化的加剧与城市的经济发展有关。浦那的正规经济基础雄厚。然而，与全球南方的许多城市一样，非正规经济是大部分人口最相关的收入来源。浦那的发展受到非正规性、基础设施差以及规划和治理不足的挑战。最近，启动了城市更新和智慧城市发展的新方法。这些新方法旨在克服传统规划中的障碍。城市规划面临的一个特殊挑战是城市边缘地区的改造，因为这一进程目前正在以不可持续的方式进行。本文的结论是，城市发展必须成为整体的，综合的和参与性的，应该放弃世界级城市的刻板印象，有利于可持续的，本地调整的发展道路。
The Indian city of Pune witnessed rapid growth and deep transformation processes in the last three decades. This paper assesses past developments and recent structures and processes against the concept of urban sustainability. Following an overview of the historical development, the dimensions of sustainability are discussed separately, based on empirical findings. Urban growth puts enormous pressure on Pune's land and water resources, changing the ecology of the area. The increasing water demand of Pune's growing population competes with growing energy and water demands. An assessment of future climate change impacts indicates that the storage capacity of the reservoirs is more frequently not met during the rainy season. In addition, extreme dry years can aggravate the effects of land use change on water resources in the future. The city's growth and especially the large in-migration has also changed Pune's social fabric significantly. Wealth is distributed unevenly in the city and social disparities can be observed along two fault lines, namely along classes and caste groups. The population development and the increasing socioeconomic polarization are linked to the economic development of the city. Pune's formal economy has a robust base. However, as in many cities of the Global South, the informal economy is the most relevant source of income for large parts of the population. Pune's development is challenged by informality, poor infrastructure and inadequate planning and governance. Recently new approaches towards urban renewal and smart city development were launched. These new approaches aim at overcoming blockades in the traditional planning. A special challenge for urban planning is the transformation of urban fringe areas of the city, as this process is currently taking place in an unsustainable manner. The paper concludes that urban development has to become holistic, integrative and participative and should abandon the stereotype vision of the world class city in favor of a sustainable, locally adjusted pathway of development.