Spatial heterogeneity lowers rather than increases host-parasite specialization.
Spatial heterogeneity lowers rather than increases host-parasite specialization.
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DOI：
10.1111/jeb.12689
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发表时间：
2015-09
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Buckling A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hesse E;Best A;Boots M;Hall AR;Buckling A
非生物环境异质性可以促进不同资源专家的进化，这反过来又可能增加宿主-寄生虫专业化的程度。我们共同进化的荧光假单胞菌和裂解噬菌体p12在空间结构的人口，每个组成的两个相互关联的亚群在相同或不同的营养介质（均质和异质性的环境，分别）。与正常预期相反，宿主-寄生虫专业化在异质环境中比同质环境中显着降低。这一结果不能解释为分散的种群，因为这将导致异质处理的专业化水平等于或大于同质环境。我们认为，选择昂贵的通才是最大的共同进化的物种暴露于不同的环境条件，这可以为我们的结果提供一个解释。一个简单的共同进化模型表明，这可能是一个普遍的机制，环境异质性可以减少，而不是增加主机寄生虫专业化。
Abiotic environmental heterogeneity can promote the evolution of diverse resource specialists, which in turn may increase the degree of host–parasite specialization. We coevolved Pseudomonas fluorescens and lytic phage ϕ2 in spatially structured populations, each consisting of two interconnected subpopulations evolving in the same or different nutrient media (homogeneous and heterogeneous environments, respectively). Counter to the normal expectation, host–parasite specialization was significantly lower in heterogeneous compared with homogeneous environments. This result could not be explained by dispersal homogenizing populations, as this would have resulted in the heterogeneous treatments having levels of specialization equal to or greater than that of the homogeneous environments. We argue that selection for costly generalists is greatest when the coevolving species are exposed to diverse environmental conditions and that this can provide an explanation for our results. A simple coevolutionary model of this process suggests that this can be a general mechanism by which environmental heterogeneity can reduce rather than increase host–parasite specialization.