Basic Psychological Needs, Physical Self-Concept, and Physical Activity Among Adolescents: Autonomy in Focus
Basic Psychological Needs, Physical Self-Concept, and Physical Activity Among Adolescents: Autonomy in Focus
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00491
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发表时间：
2020-03-20
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Maria Peralbo-Rubio, Eva
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fraguela-Vale, Raul;Varela-Garrote, Lara;Maria Peralbo-Rubio, Eva
本研究的贡献在于对青少年体力活动(PA)问题的双重研究，结合了青少年对体力活动的客观测量和通过不同程度的自主性(即有组织的或无结构的)体育活动来比较心理满意度。运用自我决定理论的概念框架，本研究还考察了青少年PA水平与身体自我概念和运动中基本心理需求满足之间的关系。这项研究调查了阿科鲁纳市129名高中一年级学生。采用《运动基本心理需求量表》测量有组织和无组织体育活动中的基本心理需求满意度。根据加速计测量的一周内每天的步数来评估PA水平。结果表明，学生每天的平均步数(7,400)低于该年龄段的最低推荐PA水平，学生在工作日比周末更活跃，男女被试之间的PA水平没有显著差异(T=0.23，p<；0.05，d=0.04)。三种基本心理需求的比较分析结果表明，在非结构化活动中对自主的需求得到了更大的满足(T=6.15，p<；0.001，d=0.68)，在有组织的活动中对能力的需求得到了更大的满足(T=-2.5，p<；0.05，d=0.27)。在对非结构化活动的自主性或关联性需求的满意度方面，没有发现性别差异；然而，在能力需求方面，女生的满意度显著低于男生(T=-2.62，p<；0.01，d=0.49)。自尊起着重要的中介作用，并且与性别有很强的相关性(T=-5.16，p<；0.001，d=0.9)。研究发现，在所有类别中，有组织的个人助理在男孩中比女孩提供更大的需求满足。研究表明心理变量与客观测量的PA之间没有关系(Pillai‘s TRACE：F=0.86，p>；0.05，Eta(2)=0.08，观察力=0.66)。基本心理需要与身体自我概念之间存在显著的正相关关系，并且与身体自我概念之间存在显著的正相关关系，这与前人的研究结果相一致。
The contribution of this research lies in its dual approach to the question of physical activity (PA) among adolescents, combining objective measurement of PA by teenagers and a comparison of psychological satisfaction through physical activities involving differing degrees of autonomy (i.e., organized or unstructured). Using the conceptual framework of Self-Determination Theory, the analysis also examines the relationship between levels of PA among adolescents and physical self-concept and satisfaction of basic psychological needs during exercise. The study surveyed 129 first-year higher secondary education students from schools in the city of A Coruna. Satisfaction of basic psychological needs during organized and unstructured physical activities was measured using the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale. PA levels were assessed based on step count per day for a week as measured by an accelerometer. The results show that the daily step average recorded by students (7,400) is below the minimum recommended levels of PA for this age group, that students are more active on weekdays than at the weekend, and that there is no significant difference in PA levels between male and female subjects (T = 0.23, p < 0.05, d = 0.04). Findings from the comparative analysis of the three basic psychological needs show greater satisfaction of the need for autonomy during unstructured activities (T = 6.15, p < 0.001, d = 0.68), and greater satisfaction of the need for competence during organized activities (T = -2.50, p < 0.05, d = 0.27). No variation in terms of sex was found in relation to satisfaction of the need for autonomy or relatedness from unstructured activities; however, girls showed notably lower satisfaction than boys in relation to the need for competence (T = -2.62, p < 0.01, d = 0.49). Self-esteem was found to play an important mediating role and observed to be strongly related to sex (T = -5.16, p < 0.001, d = 0.90). Organized PA was found to provide greater need satisfaction among boys than girls across all categories. The study showed no relationship between psychological variables and objectively measured PA (Pillai's trace: F = 0.86, p > 0.05, eta(2) = 0.08, observed power = 0.66). Basic psychological needs show significant positive interrelation between them and a significant positive relationship between them and physical self-concept, as expected based on previous literature.