The psychology of human-robot interaction
The psychology of human-robot interaction
复制标题
人机交互心理学
DOI：
10.1109/sice.2008.4654602
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
K. Takase
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Baillieul;K. Takase
日本已经成为人形机器人技术的世界领导者，每年，像SICE这样的国际会议都会报告机器令人信服地模拟出的引人注目的人类行为新套件。但是，随着各地的机器越来越能够自主操作，人们越来越意识到，必须更好地理解人类与智能机器关系的心理维度。越来越多的研究将注意力从传统的人为因素工程重新集中到新的领域，其中认知和社会心理学的原理和模型被应用于理解人类和机器人的相互作用。本研究的一个特定目标是对人类和自主机器代理如何作为团队有效运作以实现使命目标并以人类和机器的不同能力被最佳利用的方式共享任务的基本理解的发展。美国的研究资助机构对人类和机器人混合团队的运作越来越感兴趣。这种兴趣在一定程度上源于美国政府的要求，即到2015年，所有部署的军用车辆中必须有三分之一是自动驾驶的。预计未来的团队将在机器人和人类团队成员的决策角色方面发生重大变化。本次演讲将介绍的研究背景包括美国国防部的著名研究项目，包括DARPA云母项目和DARPA ISAT 2005年题为ldquoEmbedded Humansrdquo的研究。在这些程序中，有一个范式的转变，从一个监督的角色，人类操作半自治系统的一个更分布式的角色，涉及人类都在监督角色的最高级别的系统层次结构，也在执行级别的自动机在平等的工作，其中资源分配，任务分配和执行决定。这一范式转变将人类与自动机平等运作的心理方面带到了最前沿。正在进行的研究中解决的问题包括：人类如何感知混合的人类/机器人团队操作，以及他们的感知如何影响他们的功能？演讲将强调最近进行的研究和实验，研究人类如何做出某些原型决策，以及这些决策的动态如何随着时间的推移而变化。决策动态的社会因素将被检查。还将研究有关人类生命的机器决策的伦理问题。
Japan has become a world leader in humanoid robotics, and every year, international conferences like SICE feature reports of remarkable new suites of human behaviors that have been convincingly simulated by machines. But as machines everywhere have become more capable of autonomous operation, there is an increasing awareness that the psychological dimensions of human relationships with intelligent machines must be better understood. A growing body of research has refocused attention from traditional human factors engineering to new domains in which principles and models of cognitive and social psychology are being applied to understand the interactions of humans and robots. A particular objective of this research has been the development of a fundamental understanding of how humans and autonomous machine agents can operate efficiently as teams to accomplish mission objectives and share in tasks in a way that the differing abilities of the humans and machines are used to best advantage. Research funding agencies in the United States are taking an increasing interest in the operation of mixed teams of humans and robots. In part this interest has sprung from the U.S. government mandate that by 2015 a third of all deployed military vehicles must be autonomous. It is anticipated that future teams will feature significant changes in the decision-making roles of the robot and human team members. The background for the research that will be presented in this talk includes well known U.S. DoD research programs including the DARPA MICA program and the DARPA ISAT 2005 study entitled ldquoEmbedded Humansrdquo. In these programs, there was identified a paradigm shift from a supervisory role for humans operating semiautonomous systems to a more distributed role, involving humans both in supervisory roles at top levels of system hierarchies and also working in parity with automatons at execution levels-where resource allocations, task assignments, and execution are decided. This paradigm shift brought to the forefront the psychological aspects of humans operating on parity with automatons. Questions being addressed in ongoing research include: How are mixed human/robot team operations perceived by the humans, and how do their perceptions affect their function? The talk will emphasize research and experiments recently conducted on how humans make certain prototype decisions and how the dynamics of these decisions change over time as a function of the group dynamics. Social factors in decision dynamics will be examined. Ethical question regarding machine decisions concerning human life will also be examined.