The Politics of ‘Non-Planning’ Interventions in African Cities: Unravelling the International and Local Dimensions in Harare and Maputo
The Politics of ‘Non-Planning’ Interventions in African Cities: Unravelling the International and Local Dimensions in Harare and Maputo
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非洲城市“非规划”干预的政治：揭示哈拉雷和马普托的国际和地方层面
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发表时间：
2010
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通讯作者：
Ilda Lindell
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作者：
A. Kamete;Ilda Lindell
城市规划将其干预战略建立在这样的推理基础上：必须合理地管理变化，控制是“公共利益”所必需的。在非洲，由于各种官僚和政治原因，城市规划往往是出了名的松懈。面对不受控制的城市发展，许多城市政府放弃了全面的规划，越来越多地采取各种临时的“消毒”措施。本文探讨了背后的力量和理由，这种“非规划”的战略，加紧使用。它借鉴了哈拉雷和马普托的例子，在这两个城市，城市当局采取了强有力的措施，拆除未经规划的住区和市场。在这些情况下，在幕后工作的力量包括精英的政治策略，试图保持和加强对城市地区的政治控制，合理化和合法化，通过呼吁通过国际活动进行“城市营销”的持续努力，并提到维护现代城市形象的必要性。我们讨论了这些决定所产生的紧张局势，以及随后的政治进程中的预期“受害者”，他们和当局之间。在比较和对比的情况下，哈拉雷和马普托，我们带来了规划诉诸“非规划”和复杂的政治干预所引发的困境。
Urban planning bases its interventionist strategies on the reasoning that change has to be rationally managed and that control is necessary in the ‘public interest’. In Africa, for various bureaucratic and political reasons, urban planning has often been notoriously lax. In the face of uncontrolled urban development, many urban governments have abandoned comprehensive planning and increasingly resort to ad-hoc ‘sanitising’ measures of various kinds. This paper explores the forces and rationales that lie behind the intensified use of such ‘non-planning’ strategies. It draws on examples from Harare and Maputo, where urban authorities applied forceful measures to remove unplanned settlements and market places. In these cases the forces at work behind the scenes included the political strategies of elites seeking to maintain and strengthen political control over urban areas, rationalising and legitimising such unpopular interventions by appealing to ongoing efforts at ‘city marketing’ through international events, and referring to the imperative of upholding a modern city image. We discuss the tensions that arose from these decisions and the subsequent political processes among the intended ‘victims’, and between them and the authorities. In comparing and contrasting the cases of Harare and Maputo, we bring out the dilemmas of planning resorting to ‘non-planning’ and the complex politics triggered by such interventions.