Thermopathology of breast cancer: measurement and analysis of in vivo temperature and blood flow.
Thermopathology of breast cancer: measurement and analysis of in vivo temperature and blood flow.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb50764.x
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发表时间：
1980-01-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Gautherie, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gautherie, M
现在有各种方法可用于乳房的临床探查。最常用的方法主要提供形态和结构方面的信息，包括宏观数据（触诊、放射照相、回声描记术）和微观数据（细胞学、组织学）。相比之下，热方法，其中包括使用红外扫描仪或液晶膜的皮肤热成像，提供了关于热生理学的信息的优势。乳房的浅表热模式实际上与下面组织内的代谢和血管化有关。因此，由于正常现象（如月经周期或妊娠）或病理过程，它可能会发生显着变化。由于癌症的差异如此之大，不仅在组织学特征上，而且在生理学特性上，（例如，肿瘤的倍增时间范围从大约50天到700天），忽略与癌症的时间特性相关的热学维度将是令人遗憾的。尽管热成像技术以及检查条件和图像分析的标准化不断进步，然而，许多医生仍然不愿意将热成像作为临床实践中的有用工具。这种态度对于那些在热成像方面有长期经验的人来说有些惊人。考虑到医生不熟悉物理和生物学基础，可以解释这一点。所有其他的研究方法都是指医学教学的主题，例如，解剖学的放射照相术和回声描记术，或代谢生理学的放射照相术和生化测定。相反，热力学和热动力学对大多数医生来说是奇怪的科学，尽管人类在他所经历的每一种情况下都或多或少地无意识地经历着热的产生和热交换。在目前的最新技术水平，所有的选择，应考虑发展研究和教学的热病理学，从热物理学和热生理学的基础知识。这当然是提高医生和卫生保健当局接受热成像的唯一途径。
Various methods are now available for clinical exploration of the breast. The most commonly used methods provide information essentially on morphology and structure, including macroscopic data (palpation, radiography, echography) and microscopic data (cytology, histology). By contrast, the thermal methods, among them skin thermography using infrared scanners or liquid crystals films, offer the advantage of giving information on thermophysiology. The superficial thermal pattern of the breast is in fact related to metabolism and vascularization within the underlying tissues. It may therefore be changed significantly as a result of normal phenomena (eg, the menstrual cycle or pregnancy) or pathological processes. Because cancers vary so widely, not only in their histologic features but also in their physiological properties (eg, the doubling time of tumors ranges from approximately 50 to 700 days), it would be regrettable to ignore the thermological dimension, which is related to the temporal properties of cancer.In spite of continuous progress in thermographic techniques as well as in standardization of examining conditions and image analysis, however, many physicians still hesitate to consider thermography as a useful tool in clinical practice. This attitude is somewhat amazing for those who have a long experience in thermography. It may be explained considering that physical and biological bases are not familiar to the physicians. All other methods of investigation refer to topics of medical teaching, eg, radiography and echography to anatomy, or scintigraphy and biochemical assays to metabolic physiology. On the contrary, thermodynamics and thermokinetics are, for most physicians, strange sciences, though man is more or less unconsciously experiencing heat production and heat exchanges in every situation that he is undergoing. In the present state of the art, all options should be considered for developing research and teaching in thermopathology, starting from the basic knowledge of thermophysics and thermophysiology. This is certainly the only way of improving the acceptance of thermography by physicians and consequently by the health care authorities.