Visualization of oscillatory electron dynamics on the surface of liquid helium

Visualization of oscillatory electron dynamics on the surface of liquid helium
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液氦表面振荡电子动力学的可视化

DOI:
10.1103/physrevb.107.104501
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Siddiq H
Siddiq H
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Siddiq H

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我们调查的五个分段电极感应的电流的时间轨迹由liquidatK的表面上的电子的运动,被放置在一个垂直的磁场和暴露于微波辐射。利用非线性动力学方法研究了不同电子密度和不同加压电压下电极中电流振荡的特征。计算小波相位相干性和相移,以获得所有五个电极中的信号之间的相干性关系作为按压电压的函数。对脊提取的瞬时频率的耦合分析揭示了电池内电子的运动方向,并提供了在4.20 V的加压电压下强相位耦合的证据。这些经典的方法揭示了运动是振荡的,具有受恒定频率调制的变化的频率。高次谐波由于非线性出现在较高的频率,其中的谐振条件是在4.20 V的低电子密度的压力电压满足。我们的方法提供了一个平台,分析研究这些现象。我们表明,慢重力波的氦表面调制的电子振荡行为,并说明该模型实际上产生三维动力学。电子在液氦表面的运动被证明是一个计时系统的范例,即,一个经历连续扰动但仍能保持稳定的系统。
We investigate the time traces of currents induced in five segmented electrodes by the motion of electrons on the surface of liquidatK, that are placed in a perpendicular magnetic field and exposed to microwave radiation. Nonlinear dynamics methods are utilized to explore the characteristic features of the current oscillations in the electrodes for different electron densities and pressing voltages. The wavelet phase coherence and phase shift are calculated to obtain the coherence relationships between the signals in all five electrodes as functions of the pressing voltage. Coupling analysis of the ridge-extracted instantaneous frequencies revealed the directions of motion of electrons inside the cell and provided evidence of strong phase coupling at a pressing voltage of 4.20 V. These classical methods reveal that the motion is oscillatory, with a varying frequency subject to a constant frequency modulation. High harmonics due to nonlinearity arise at higher frequencies where the resonance condition is satisfied at a pressing voltage of 4.20 V for low-electron density. Our approach provides a platform for investigating these phenomena analytically. We show that slow gravity waves on the helium surface modulate the electronic oscillatory behavior and illustrate that the model in fact produces three-dimensional dynamics. Motion of electrons on the surface of liquid helium is shown to be a paradigmatic example of a chronotaxic system, i.e., a system that undergoes continuous perturbation but is nonetheless capable of maintaining its stability.
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