Early marriage and cultural constructions of adulthood in two slums in Dar es Salaam
Early marriage and cultural constructions of adulthood in two slums in Dar es Salaam
复制标题
达累斯萨拉姆两个贫民窟的早婚与成年文化建构
DOI：
10.1080/13691058.2017.1390162
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Laura Stark
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Laura Stark
摘要本研究从人种学的角度探讨了坦桑尼亚城市中18岁以下的婚姻。由于贫穷和高失业率，一些女孩渴望早婚。早婚有两种途径：第一，贫穷和性别经济差距促使女孩在很小的时候就开始性交易活动，导致父母赞成早婚，将其作为减少风险的措施。第二，女孩在婚前往往没有受教育的机会，因此早婚成为文化上认可的唯一途径，使女孩能够以自给自足的身份向他人展示自己。围绕着从童年到成年的过渡的文化和宗教概念加强了这些途径。研究发现，在坦桑尼亚城市地区，与早婚有关的两个重要因素是：婚前性行为普遍导致非婚怀孕;中等教育费用相对较高，阻碍了女孩在15岁以后接受教育的机会。
Abstract This study examines under-18 marriage in urban Tanzania from an ethnographic perspective. Due to poverty and high unemployment, some girls aspire to early marriage. Two pathways to early marriage are identified: first, poverty and gendered economic disparities motivate girls to begin transactional sexual activity at an early age, leading parents to favour early marriage as a risk-reduction measure. Second, educational opportunities are often closed off to girls before marriage, as a result of which early marriage becomes the only culturally approved pathway that allows girls to present themselves to others as a self-sufficient agent. These pathways are reinforced by cultural and religious concepts surrounding the transition from childhood to adulthood. The study finds that, in urban Tanzania, two important factors associated with early marriage are the prevalence of premarital sex leading to out-of-wedlock pregnancies, and the relatively high cost of secondary schooling, which blocks educational opportunities for girls after the age of 15.