EVOLUTION, TAXONOMY AND ANTITROPICAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF THE PORPOISES (PHOCOENIDAE, MAMMALIA)
EVOLUTION, TAXONOMY AND ANTITROPICAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF THE PORPOISES (PHOCOENIDAE, MAMMALIA)
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1748-7692.1985.tb00003.x
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发表时间：
1985-01-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
BARNES, LG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BARNES, LG
江豚是鲸类中形态独特、进化古老的一个类群，隶属于鼠海豚科。它们与有时被归类为飞燕科的成员不同。重新研究所有活的和化石物种的phocoenids产生新的信息的家庭的演变，并表明需要重大的分类变化。两个独立的血统在该组内被归类为亚科Phocoeninae和Phocoenoidinae。现存的南半球海豚，Phocoena dioptrica，实际上与北太平洋的大理海豚，Phocoenoides dalli的关系比Phocoena的其他物种更密切。因此，它与Phocoenoides一起属于Phocoenoidinae亚科，但代表一个单独的属，Australophocaena（新属）。最早的无可争议的phocoenids化石仅在太平洋盆地周围的岩石中发现。其中包括中新世和上新世最晚的Piscolithax和中新世晚期的Salumiphocaena stocktoni（新属），以及中新世最晚的一个未描述的新种。世界气候影响了古腔棘鱼科过去和现在的分布，而南方古猿可能是古腔棘鱼科的反热带对应物，所有现存的古腔棘鱼科物种都表现出趋同进化的相似性，部分原因是幼态化现象。
AbstractTrue porpoises are a morphologically distinctive and evolutionarily old group of odontocete cetaceans classified as the family Phocoenidae. They are distinct from members of the family Delphinidae, with which they have sometimes been classified. Re‐examination of all living and fossil species of phocoenids yields new information on the evolution of the family and indicates the need for significant taxonomic changes. Two separate lines of descent within the group are classified as the subfamilies Phocoeninae and Phocoenoidinae. The living southern hemisphere spectacled porpoise,Phocoena dioptrica, is actually more closely related to the North Pacific Dali's porpoise,Phocoenoides dalli, than to other species ofPhocoena.It therefore belongs in the subfamily Phocoenoidinae withPhocoenoidesbut represents a separate genus,Australophocaena(new genus). The earliest unquestioned fossil phocoenids have been found only in rocks around the Pacific basin. They include latest Miocene and Pliocene species ofPiscolithaxand the Late MioceneSalumiphocaena stocktoni(new genus) in the Phocoenoidinae, and an undescribed latest Miocene species in the Phocoeninae. World climate has influenced past and present distributions of phocoenids, andAustralopbocaena dioptricais possibly the antitropical counterpart ofPhocoenoides dalli.All species of living phocoenids show similarities caused by convergent evolution, resulting in part from the phenomenon of paedomorphosis.