Co-occurrence of conduct disorder and depression in a clinic-based sample of boys with ADHD
Co-occurrence of conduct disorder and depression in a clinic-based sample of boys with ADHD
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01625.x
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发表时间：
2006-08-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Sprafkin, Joyce
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Drabick, Deborah A. G.;Gadow, Kenneth D.;Sprafkin, Joyce
背景资料：注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）儿童有发展为共病行为障碍（CD）和抑郁症的风险。目前的研究在203名ADHD男孩（6-10岁）的临床样本中检查了CD和抑郁症的潜在心理社会风险因素。研究方法：这些男孩和他们的母亲参加了一项评估，包括认知、行为、学业和家庭功能的评估。CD和抑郁症的潜在预测因素涉及四个领域：父母的行为，家庭环境，学术/认知功能，和同伴关系。ADHD组的定义使用母亲和教师报告的DSM-IV症状。在最初评估后约5年，获得了91名男孩的子样本的DSM-IV症状的母亲评级。结果如下：对于母亲和教师定义的ADHD组，社会问题与抑郁症状有关;敌对，不一致，和分离的父母行为与CD症状有关;家庭环境的特点是低凝聚力，高冲突，低婚姻满意度与CD和抑郁症状有关。对于教师定义的ADHD组，父母的变量也预测抑郁症状。学术和认知变量并没有预测CD或抑郁症状时，父母，家庭和同伴关系的变量被考虑在内。抑郁症的前瞻性预测CD，但不是相反，和父母的敌意控制和家庭冲突的前瞻性预测CD的教师定义的ADHD组。结论：来源特异性是一个有用的考虑时，描述的关系，父母和家庭环境与CD和抑郁症状的男孩多动症。针对这些养育子女、家庭和同伴关系变量的干预措施可能有助于预防共病状况的发展。
Background: Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at risk for the development of comorbid conduct disorder ( CD) and depression. The current study examined potential psychosocial risk factors for CD and depression in a clinic-based sample of 203 boys ( aged 6-10 years) with ADHD. Methods: The boys and their mothers participated in an evaluation that involved assessments of cognitive, behavioral, academic, and family functioning. Potential predictors of CD and depression involved four domains: parenting behaviors, family environment, academic/cognitive functioning, and peer relations. ADHD groups were defined using mother- and teacher-report of DSM-IV symptoms. Mother-ratings of DSM-IV symptoms were obtained for a subsample of 91 boys approximately 5 years after the initial assessment. Results: For both mother- and teacher-defined ADHD groups, social problems were related to depression symptoms; hostile, inconsistent, and detached parenting behaviors were related to CD symptoms; and family environment characterized by low cohesion, high conflict, and low marital satisfaction was related to CD and depression symptoms. For the teacher-defined ADHD group, parenting variables also predicted depression symptoms. Academic and cognitive variables did not predict CD or depression symptoms when parenting, family, and peer relationship variables were taken into account. Depression prospectively predicted CD, but not the reverse, and parental hostile control and familial conflict prospectively predicted CD for the teacher-defined ADHD group only. Conclusions: Source-specificity is a useful consideration when describing the relation of parenting and home environment with CD and depression symptoms in boys with ADHD. Intervention efforts that address these parenting, family, and peer relationship variables may aid in preventing the development of comorbid conditions.