Biodiversity and biogeography of southern temperate and polar bryozoans
Biodiversity and biogeography of southern temperate and polar bryozoans
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1466-8238.2007.00342.x
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Griffiths, Huw J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barnes, David K. A.;Griffiths, Huw J.
目的描述南温带和极地沃茨苔藓动物的生物多样性和特有性分布。我们假设，我们会发现：（1）没有强大的纬度丰富度梯度;（2）分支和地区之间的丰富度和特有性的显着对比;（3）区系相似性的区域将集群地理上围绕每个南部continents.Location南大西洋，印度洋和太平洋和南大洋。方法我们构建了一个数据库，从已知的文献，区域数据库和最近的发现。我们将每个南部大陆区域化，计算每个区域和大陆的丰富度和特有性水平，并使用PRIMER 5进行多变量statistical analysis.Results描述的全球苔藓虫物种的三分之一（1681）发生在南纬30度，其中c。87%为唇口类。在丰富度，我们没有发现纬度渐变和经度的变化更强。新西兰是最富有的，拥有最多（60%）的特有物种，其次是南极洲，占57%。有显着的对比，在区域丰富性和特有性之间的分支，但最高水平的区域之间的相似性是在南极洲周围。过去大陆连接的时间reflected.Main conclusions苔藓虫显示出强大的半球不对称的丰富性，像软体动物和珊瑚，减少远离澳大拉西亚，而不是与纬度。南极苔藓动物的物种特有性比以前认为的要低得多，由于这种分类群不是特别分散，现在是区域研究最好的分类群之一，也许南极的特有性一般较低，南极对物种扩散的限制比以前认为的要少。然而，南极的属特有性是以前计算的水平的两倍，区域动物群的相似性比其他大陆要高得多-两者都反映了长期的隔离。苔藓虫，在南极动物的范式相反，可能是相当强大的预测气候变化。巧合的是，它们也可能是最好的监测类群之一，以灵敏地探测海洋底栖生物的反应。
Aim To describe the distribution of biodiversity and endemism of bryozoans in southern temperate and polar waters. We hypothesized that we would find: (1) no strong latitudinal richness gradient; (2) striking contrasts in richness and endemism between clades and between regions; and (3) that faunal similarity of regions would cluster geographically around each southern continent.Location South Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans and the Southern Ocean.Methods We constructed a data base from known literature, regional data bases and recent finds. We regionalized each southern continent, calculated levels of richness and endemism for each region and continent, and used PRIMER 5 to perform multivariate statistical analysis.Results A third (1681) of global bryozoan species described occur south of 30 degrees S, of which c. 87% were cheilostomes. In richness we found no latitudinal cline and change across longitude was stronger. New Zealand was richest and had the most (60%) endemic species, followed by Antarctica at 57%. There were striking contrasts in regional richness and endemism between clades but the highest levels of between-region similarity were around Antarctica. The timing of past continent connectivity was reflected.Main conclusions Bryozoans show strong hemispherical asymmetry in richness and, like molluscs and corals, decrease away from Australasia rather than with latitude. Species endemism is much lower in Antarctic bryozoans than previously thought, and as this taxon is not particularly dispersive and is now amongst the best studied regionally, maybe Antarctic endemism in general is lower and Antarctica less cut-off to species dispersal than previously thought. However, Antarctic generic endemism is double the level previously calculated and regional faunal similarities are much higher than around other continents - both reflecting long-term isolation. Bryozoans, in contrast to the paradigm of Antarctic fauna, may be fairly robust to predicted climate change. Paradoxically, they may also be one of the best taxa to monitor to sensitively detect marine benthic responses.